AH2 test 3

Question 1

Gen. John Pershing

Answer 1

refused to integrate his troops in with the British and French troops
o Pride: Pershing had achieved his rank through some pride. He viewed the way the Europeans had conducted their war as poor.
o Political: US wanted to be viewed as a hero/savior of Europe, not as involved with them in the wars.

Question 2

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 2

this was the formal exit of Russia from the war.

Question 3

Meuse-Argonne Campaign

Answer 3

campaign to push Germany back to their original boarders. This was the first campaign in which US troops experienced trench warfare.

Question 4

“14 Points”

Answer 4

Wilson’s overall plan for the League of Nations.
Essentially every important nation joins, except the United States. US was bitter that so many Americans died in a war for nothing, and other politicians cut Wilson’s idea down.

Question 5

League of Nations

Answer 5

Woodrow Wilson’s idea to spread American Ideals.

Question 6

Henry Ford & Revolution of Production

Answer 6

reflects US recovery. Transforms the auto industry through the assembly line. Made luxury goods available. Many other industries also duplicate the assembly line style of production.

Question 7

Warren Harding

Answer 7

president during the 20’s . At this time, president and congress essentially let things coast.

Question 8

“Teapot Dome”

Answer 8

town in Wyoming with extensive oil reserves owned by the government. One of Harding’s cabinet members was renting that land out to oil tycoons. This was a defining scandal of Harding’s presidency.

Question 9

Washington Naval Arms Conference

Answer 9

this is first attempt at mass demilitarization

Question 10

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 10

takes over after Harding has a heart attack

Question 11

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 11

treaty that banned war as a means of diplomacy. This was somewhat impractical because there was no way to enforce this.

Question 12

Shift from “rural” population to “urban” population

Answer 12

Change in population pattern – for the first time ever, more Americans lived in cities instead of in rural areas. People living together results in many shared experiences

Question 13

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 13

an explosion of cultural accomplishment by blacks that have a national reach. Musicians, poets, authors, actors, etc. Both moves beyond the social tensions of the day, but also influences the social tensions of the day.

Question 14

National Origins Act

Answer 14

a federal law that restricted immigration from any nation to 2% of that national origin already living in the US

Question 15

Sacco & Vanzetti Trial

Answer 15

Named after 2 Italian immigrants. Accused of robbing a store and murdering 2 security guards in the process. The case is so biased against them, but there was almost no evidence. Court concludes that since they are Italian anarchists they must be guilty. They were executed. This trial influenced the ideals that evidence must be without a shadow of a doubt.

Question 16

2nd KKK

Answer 16

KKK becomes massively powerful and then dies off overnight. (1915-1925) KKK reborn at stone mountain (Mt. Rushmore, except confederate war heroes carved). KKK was still the same violent group, but they also were a very good business (merchandise, propaganda, etc.).
· Peak in 1920 of about 5 million members across the nation, but dies out in 1925 because a leader of the Klan had raped and murdered a secretary killing the Klan’s reputation.

Question 17

Birth of a Nation

Answer 17

movie comes out during WWI about Civil War and reconstruction. Portrays KKK as redeemers and saviors of the south during reconstruction.

Question 18

“Black Thursday”

Answer 18

Oct. 24, 1929 – stock market crash. Many stocks were bought on credit because of increasing values, but upon crash no one could pay back their loans

Question 19

Reasons for Depression

Answer 19

1. Agricultural recession – food is essential to society
2. Plateauing of purchasing power – profits had been increasing across all business, but at a certain point owners continued to profit without creating jobs. Money was not recirculating because the common man had no money to spend.
3. Overproduction – the ability to produce and supply was much greater than the existing demand.
4. Global Depression (specifically Europe) – when things went downhill in US, there was no place to buffer. No where to export overproduced goods, or transfer investments.

Question 20

Herbert Hoover’s response to Depression

Answer 20

Hoover’s Response: Hoover was largely inactive about the issue. Did not believe it was the government’s right to get involved in these state affairs. Also believed that the market would eventually self-correct.
· “Hoovervilles” – makeshift homeless villages. Hoover’s name became synonymous with depression

Question 21

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

Answer 21

an agency that provides loans to institutions or banks. Essentially, loans to be used as loans. Not particularly effective. This was Hoover’s only real attempt to aid in the depression.

Question 22

“Bonus March”

Answer 22

dislike of Hoover peaked in 1932. Veterans march on Washington demanding an advance on their pension. This demand is rejected, most go home, but a few families remain. After a few weeks, Hoover mobilizes the national guard to drive these remaining soldiers and their families out of Washington.

Question 23

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 23

takes office (1932) – Hoover was not winning this election anyway, but Democrats chose a very good candidate.
· Tried to be the opposite of Hoover. Took responsibility for the depression and expanded the role of the government.
· Knew the power of media. “Fireside Chats” FDR put his name out through the media expressing his sympathy for what everyone was going through. This helped him gain a lot of support for his “New Deal”.

Question 24

“Hundred Days”

Answer 24

Hundred Days,” Congress followed Roosevelt’s lead by passing an incredible fifteen separate bills which, together, formed the basis of the New Deal.

1. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
2. Federal Emergency Relief Act
3. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
4. National Recovery Administration (NRA)
5. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA
6. Works Progress Administration (WPA)
7. Social Security Act

Question 25

“fireside chats”

Answer 25

The fireside chats were a series of thirty evening radio addresses given by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.

Question 26

Good Neighbor policy

Answer 26

Roosevelt revokes “Roosevelt Corollary” – US will not be militarily involved in other country’s affairs

Question 27

Fulgencio Batista

Answer 27

Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution.

Question 28

Neutrality Acts

Answer 28

In the 1930s, the United States Government enacted a series of laws designed to prevent the United States from being embroiled in a foreign war by clearly stating the terms of U.S. neutrality.

Question 29

St. Louis affair

Answer 29

On May 13, 1939, the German transatlantic liner St. Louis sailed from Hamburg, Germany, for Havana, Cuba. On the voyage were 937 passengers. Almost all were Jews fleeing from the Third Reich. After Cuba and then the United States denied these refugees entry, the St. Louis was forced to return to Europe on June 6, 1939.

Question 30

Holocaust

Answer 30

The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. “Holocaust” is a word of Greek origin meaning “sacrifice by fire.”