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Chemistry > Air and Water > Flashcards

Air and Water Flashcards

1
Q

Test for pure water, chemical and physical

A

Chemical:
Anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride paper
Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate paper

Physical:
Boiling and melting point

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2
Q

cobalt(II) chloride colour change in presence of water

A

blue to pink

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3
Q

copper(II) sulfate colour change in presence of water

A

white to blue

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4
Q

boiling and melting point in impure water

A

Boiling = higher than 100C
Melting = lower than 0C

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5
Q

Substances in water

A
  • Dissolved oxygen
  • Metal compounds
  • Plastics
  • Sewage
  • Harmful Microbes
  • Nitrates and phosphates from fertiliser ot detergent
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6
Q

Dissolved oxygen and metal compounds benefits

A

dissolved oxygen: For aquatic life aerobic respiration

Metal compounds: essential minerals for life

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7
Q

Plastics, sewage, harmful microbes, nitrates and phosphates harms

A

Plastics: Harm aquatic life

Sewage: contains harmful microbes which cause disease

Harmful microbes: cause disease

Nitrates and phosphates: Deoxygenates water and suffocates aquatic life (eutrophication)

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8
Q

Process of purifying water

A
  1. Sedimentation and filtration to remove insolube substances and solids
  2. Using carbon to remove tases and odours
  3. Chlorination to kill microbes
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9
Q

NPK fertilisers are what

A

Nitrogen (for protein)
Phosphorus
Potassium

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10
Q

Gases in clean air and their composition

A

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Carbon Dioxide - 0.03%
Noble gases (argon) - about 1%
Water vapour - varies depending on humidity

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11
Q

Air pollution compounds

A

Carbon monoxide and particulates

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Oxides of nitrogen (NO , NO₂)

Sulfur Dioxide

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12
Q

Carbon monoxide and particulates source of pollution and problems

A

source: incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels

problem: its toxic because it combines MORE readily THAN oxygen WITH red blood cells

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13
Q

Carbon dioxide source of pollution and problems

A

Source: complete combustion of carbon containing fuels

Problem: High conc = global warming leading to climate change

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14
Q

Methane source of pollution and problems

A

Source: decomposition of vegetation and waste gases from animal digestion

Problems: High conc = global warming leading to climate change

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15
Q

Oxides of nitrogen source of pollution and problems

A

Source: nitrogen and oxygen in air react together in car engine due to high temperature and pressure

problems:
1. Acid rain
2. photochemical smog
3. respiratory problems

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16
Q

Sulfur dioxide source of pollution and problems

A

Source: combustion of fossil fuels which contain sulfur as an impurity

problems: acid rain

17
Q

Methods of reducing enviormental harms

for climate change

A
  1. Planting trees
  2. Reduction in livestock
  3. Increase use of hydrogen as a fuel
  4. decrease use in fossil fuels
  5. increase use of renewable energy source likes wind
18
Q

Methods of reducing enviormental harms

for acid rain

A
  1. Use of catalytic convertors in car engiens
  2. reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide by:
    - Using low sulfur containing fuels
    - by flue gas desulfurisation with calcium oxide (to calcium sulfate)
19
Q

Catalytic convertors equation

A

2CO + 2NO –> 2CO₂ + N₂

Harmful —> Non - harmful

20
Q

Catalytic convertor

  1. optimum working temperature
  2. its catalyst / what its made from
  3. its purpose
A
  1. 200C
  2. Platinum
  3. to reduce oxides of nitrogen to nitrogen to be released back to enviorment
21
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis and what are the conditions

A

Photochemical reaction

in presence of Chlorophyll and energy from UV light

22
Q

Process of how catalytic convertors work

A
  • gases in car engine stick on the catalystic convertor’s surface
  • oxides of nitrogen react with carbon monoxide.
  • and are reduced to form nitrogen and carbon dioxide
23
Q

Problems with catalytic convertor

A

Only works with unleaded petrol or else the lead would poison the platinum catalyst and stop it from working

releases more CO2 in enviorment

24
Q

Gases which combine with water to form acid rain

A

Nitrogen Monoxide
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide

25
Q

Process of seperating nitrogen and oxygen from clean dry air

A
  1. Fractional distillation of clean dry liquid air:
  2. Air is made into a liquid
  3. Allow liquid air to boil
  4. condense the vapours to collect nitrogen and oxygen by order of evaporation
26
Q

Hydrated cobalt(II) chloride formula

A

CoCl₂.6H₂O

27
Q

Hydrated Copper(II) Sulfate formula

A

CuSO₄.5H₂O

Chemistry (8 decks)

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