Alchohol Metabalism

Question 0

At 0.15% blood alcohol, what is the increased chance of an accident

Answer 0

380x

Question 1

What blood alcohol level is DUI

Answer 1

0.08%

Question 2

How is alcohol absorbed

Answer 2

Diffusion in all areas of GI tract

Most effective in small intestines

Question 3

What percentage is oxidized in liver

Answer 3

80-90%

Question 4

What accounts for elimination of 10% of unmatabalized alcohol

Answer 4

Sweat, urine, feces, breath, saliva, milk

Question 5

What are the two major pathways of converting alcohol to acytalaldahyde

Answer 5

-alcohol dehydrogenase CH3CH2OH + NAD➡️CH3CHO+NADH+H

• cytochrome P450 system (MEOS) this is inducible.
  Et + NADPH + H+O2➡️CH3CHO + NADPH + 2H2O

Question 6

What oxidizes acytalaldehyde into acetate

Answer 6

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2)

Question 7

What is acetate typically converted to

Answer 7

Acetyl CoA

Question 8

Issues with acetyl aldehyde and Reactive oxygen species

Answer 8

• acetalaldehyde reacts to form adducts
• CYP2E1 also generates ROS
• elevated levels of ROS can cause oxidative stress, leading to initiation of lipid peroxidation
• can react with proteins to form adducts

Question 9

Classes of isoenzymes and where they are found

Answer 9

Class 1 stomach, liver, lung
Class 2 liver, cornea
Class 3 most
Class 4 stomach
Class 5 liver and stomach

Question 10

Two major enzymes in converting ethanol to acetalaldehyde

Answer 10

Major - adh1b*2

MinorADH1C*1

Question 11

Enzyme changing acetalaldehyde to acetate

Answer 11

ALDH2*1/1

Question 12

What causes most of the effects in alcoholism

Answer 12

Decrease of NAD+/NADH ratio

Question 13

Excess NADH in cytosol causes what problems

Answer 13

Forces equilibrium of LDH and MDH reactions in the direction of lactate and malate formation

Question 14

Decreased NAD+/NADH ratio consequences (4)

Answer 14

Hypoglycemia
Lactic acidemia
Ketonemia
Hyperdrive is