Alcohols and Amines and Polarity

Question 1

What is an alcohol?

Answer 1

An alcohol is an OH group attached to a carbon.

Question 2

What do all Amines have in common?

Answer 2

They all have a Nitrogen with a lone pair of elections that is attached to a carbon.

Question 3

Describe a primary, secondary, and tertiary amine.

Answer 3

A primary amine is directly attached to one carbon and 2 hydrogens.

A secondary amine is directly attached to 2 carbons and 1 hydrogen

A tertiarty amine is attached to three carbons.

Question 4

Describe a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol.

Answer 4

A primary alcohol is attached to a single carbon.

A secondary alcohol is attached to a carbon that is also attached to 2 other carbons.

A tertiarary carbon is attached to a carbon that is also attached to 3 other carbons.

Question 5

What is Polarity?

Answer 5

Polarity occurs whenever we have a bond that is formed between 2 different atoms.

Question 6

When is a bond non-polar?

Answer 6

When both atoms are the same.

Ex: S-S

(Sulfur - Sulfur)

Question 7

When is a bond polar?

Answer 7

When different atoms are bonded together.

Ex: O-N

(Oxygen-Nitrogen)

Question 8

When are two different bonded atoms non polar?

Answer 8

C-H

(Carbon-Hydrogen)

This is the only non polar molecule that has 2 different atoms bonded together.

Question 9

What is the angle of atoms in a non polar linear molecule.

Answer 9

180°

Question 10

When all atoms line up to form a straight molecule, this is called a _______ molecule. And when atoms on opposite sides of the central atom are non polar, how many degrees are the outside atoms away from each other?

Answer 10

Linear molecucle, 180°

Question 11

What is the angle of the atoms in a non polar trigonal planar?

Answer 11

120°

Question 12

When there is 3 identical atoms that is attached to a different central atom(4 atoms total), this forms a _______________ which is how many degrees between each atom?

Answer 12

Trigonal Planar, 120°

Question 13

When there are 4 identical bonds connected to a different central atom(5 atoms totalled), this froms a ______________, which has degrees of?

Answer 13

Tetrahedrial, 109.5°

Question 14

What is the angle of the atoms in a non polar tetrahedrial?

Answer 14

109.5°

Question 15

What are the 3 different intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest?

Answer 15

H-Bonding

Dipole-Dipole

LDF

Question 16

What is H-Bonding(Hydrogen bonding)?

Answer 16

H-Bonding is a special case of Dipole -Dipole that only happens if we have a hydrogen that is directly attached to Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Flourine(N,O,F). This is the strongest of the 3 Intermolecular Forces.

Question 17

What are LDF(London Dispersion Forces)?

Answer 17

This is the only Intermolecular Force that ocures in Non-Polar molecules(the same atoms or same polarity). This is the weakest of the three Intermolecular Forces.

Question 18

What is a dipole - dipole force?

Answer 18

Dipole - Dipole forces are attractions that occur between polar molecules(different molecules and different atoms), Dipole-Dipole forces is the second strongest IMF.

Question 19

What does IMF affect?

Answer 19

Melting and boiling point. The stronger the IMF the higher the melting and the higher the melting point.

Question 20

What is solubility?

Answer 20

“Like dessolves like”

Polar molecules tend to dissolve in other polar molecules. Non polar molecules prefer non polar molecules.