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Question 1

What does electrophoresis allow separation of proteins by?

Answer 1

size

Question 2

Describe the examples of alpha and beta globulins.

Answer 2

Alpha = retinol binding protein (trasports vitamin A) and caeruloplasmin (transports copper)
Beta = transferrin (iron transport) and fibrinogen

Question 3

Describe albumin.

Answer 3

smallest, most abundant plasma protein. Main determinent of osmotic pressure and production activated by insulin.

Question 4

Which vitamins are stored in the liver?

Answer 4

A,D,B12

Question 5

What 3 things is cholesterol an important precursor for?

Answer 5

bile acids
steroids
vitamin D

Question 6

What 3 things are required to make cholesterol?

Answer 6

NADPH
ATP
acetyl-coA

Question 7

Which steroids are produced from cholesterol?

Answer 7

corticosteroids
androgens
estrogens

Question 8

What catalyses the first step of liver metabolism?

Answer 8

cytochrom p-450 oxidases

Question 9

What is bilirubin conjugated with?

Answer 9

glucuronic acid

Question 10

What does bilirubil get converted to, and what does bilirubin get converted to?

Answer 10

stercobilinogen

stercobilin

Question 11

Are steroid hormones and T3/4 thyroid hormones hydrophilic or phobic?

Answer 11

hydrophobic

Question 12

What is cholesterol stored in?

Answer 12

lipid droplets

Question 13

What is the most abundant form of Vitamin D?

Answer 13

Vitamin D3

Question 14

What is required to add glucose residues to a glycogen chain?

Answer 14

glycogen primer

Question 15

How many glucose residues must the glycogen primer contain?

Answer 15

4

Question 16

What is the glycogen primer covalently attached to?

Answer 16

a protein called glyogenin

Question 17

UDP-glucose is an activated form of glucose, true or false?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

What catalyses glycogenolysis?

Answer 18

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 19

Where can glucose-6-phosphate be de-phosphorylated?

Answer 19

in liver but NOT in muscle

Question 20

What does gluconeogenesis proceed via?

Answer 20

synthesis of oxaloacetate in mitochondria

Question 21

What is the precursor in the Cori Cycle?

Answer 21

lactate

Question 22

What are the main energy forms in adipose tissue?

Answer 22

triglycerides

Question 23

What does aliphatic mean?

Answer 23

No rings

Question 24

Can polyunsaturated fatty acids be made by the body?

Answer 24

No (are essential)

Question 25

What is the chylomicron a layer of?

Answer 25

protein, phospholipid and cholesterol

Question 26

What is lipid clearance initially done via?

Answer 26

hormone sensitive lipases

Question 27

Where does fatty acid oxidation occur?

Answer 27

cytoplasm

Question 28

Where is acyl-CoA located?

Answer 28

mitochondrial matrix

Question 29

What are fatty acids transferred to from acyl-CoA?

Answer 29

carnitine

Question 30

How many steps are there in each cycle of beta oxidation?

Answer 30

4

Question 31

Lipogenesis is what kind of process?

Answer 31

reductive (electrons required)

Question 32

What is the vital first step in lipid anabolism?

Answer 32

activation of acetyl-coA to malonyl-coA (the direct precursor)

Question 33

What is the longest fatty acid created by fatty acid synthase?

Answer 33

palmitic acid

Question 34

What does epinephrine signal?

Answer 34

requirement of energy

Question 35

Where is urea actually formed?

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

What are major carries of nitrogen in blood to the liver?

Answer 36

alanine

glutamine

Question 37

What is fumarate?

Answer 37

an intermediate in the citrate cycle