all pharm

Question 1

affinity
efficacy
defn?

Answer 1

affinity : strength of binding to receptor
efficacy: ability to produce effect

AGONIST: AFFINITY w EFFICACY

ANTAGONIST: AFFINity but NO efficacy
= both determine potency

Question 2

potency?

Answer 2

conc or dose required to produce effect, if drug is more potent dose can be reduced

Question 3

Pharmokinetics : what body does to drug

Answer 3

absoprtion, distribution , metabolism , excretion

Question 4

bioavailability vs absorption

Answer 4

site of admin into plasme - B
fraction of doe that reaches systemic circulation

mode of transfer - bulk flow or diffusional

Question 5

what type of drug is likely to diffuse across a membrane?

Answer 5

unionised drug; lipid soluble

Question 6

ionised drug require transport protein

T/F

Answer 6

true as water soluble

membranes are lipid

Question 7

first pass metabolism
CYP450 action
SE hard to determine as this is genetically determined

Answer 7

Oral drug > small intestine absorption > hepatic portal circulation > liver
Liver heavily metabolises drug ∴ little active reaches systemic circulation
Presents a problem of bioavailbility for oral drugs > must admin higher doses

Question 8

renal excretion

Answer 8

fast excretion= small molecules

lipid soluble drugs absorbed back

Question 9

4problems w t2DM?

Answer 9

excess hepatic glucose production
resistance to action of circulating insulin
inadequate insulin production

excess glucose in circulation

Question 10

excess hepatic glucose production

resistance to action of circulating insulin

inadequate insulin production

excess glucose in circulation

Answer 10

metformin

metformin, thiozolidinediones

sulphonylureas
DPP4-inhibitors
GLP-1 agonists

Alpha Glucosidase inhibitor
SGLT2 Inhibitor : renal glucose absorption blocked