AMINES Flashcards
WHAT IS AN AMINE
NH3 where the H can be replaced with any alkyl group
how do you name an amine
alkylamine / N-Methyl-N-propylamine
HWO DO YOU NAME AN AMINE THAT IS ON A BRANCH
2-AMINObutane
what does a quaternary amine have
positive charge
what can all amines do
act as bases
what affects the strength of an amine base
how available the lone pair on the nitrogen is
what is positive inductive effect
The positive inductive effect is the ability of an alkyl group to release electron density through a covalent bond.
compare ethylamine to ammonia
Due to the positive inductive effect,
the ethyl group releases electron density onto the Nitrogen.
This makes the lone pair on the N more available to accept a proton,
so ethylamine is a stronger base than ammonia.
compare phenyl amine to ammonia
The lone pair on the nitrogen of Phenylamine can
can delocalise into the phenyl ring.
This means it is less available to accept a proton.
Therefore Phenyl amine is a weaker base than ammonia.
how do you ensure a high yield of excess primary amine
use excess ammonia in nucleophilic sub
what are quaternary ammonium salts used in
hair conditioner and fabric softener.
each time the haloalkane alkyl group is added to the N, what is required
excess haloalkane
during the reduction of a nitrile what is needed
HYDROGEN and a NICKEL CATALYST
what are quaternary ammonium salts
cationic surfactants
what can amides be used for
- Polymers like nylon
- Dyes
- Drugs and Pharmaceuticals
