Anaerobic Metabolism

Question 1

Function of the glycolysis pathway?

Answer 1

Its function it to synthesise ATP using glucose as fuel

Question 2

How to form sucrose, lactose and maltose?

Answer 2

Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose

Question 3

What is Glucose?

Answer 3

A monosaccharide, osmotically active and an immediate energy source

Question 4

What is Glycogen?

Answer 4

A polysaccharide, low osmolarity and a medium term fuel store

Question 5

What are the 4 steps of glycolysis?

Answer 5

Activation, splitting 6C sugar, oxidation and synthesis of ATP

Question 6

Activation - Glycolysis?

Answer 6

1) Glucose ->
2) Glucose 6 phosphate ->
3) Fructose 6 phosphate ->
4) Fructose 1.6 Bisphosphate

Question 7

Splitting the 6C sugar - Glycolysis?

Answer 7

1) Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate ->
2) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ->
3) Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (2 molecules)

Question 8

Oxidation - Glycolysis?

Answer 8

1) Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (2 molecules) ->

2) 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate (2 molecules) (+ 2 NADH + 2H+)

Question 9

Synthesis of ATP - Glycolysis?

Answer 9

1) 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate (2 molecules) ->
2) 3 Phosphoglycerate (2 molecules) (+ 2 ATP) ->
3) 2-Phosphoglycerate (2 molecules) ->
4) Phosphoenolpyruvate (2 molecules) ->
5) Pyruvate (2 molecules) (+ 2 ATP)

Question 10

what is the net yield of Glycolysis?

Answer 10

2 ATP as 4 is made but 2 is consumed during the first and 3rd reaction

Question 11

Anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 11

Pyruvate is not the metabolised to CO2 and instead, pyruvate is converted to lactate in order to convert NADH to NAD+

Question 12

Lactate dehydrogenase equation?

Answer 12

Pyruvate L-lactate (-> in muscle and

Question 13

What are the 5 fates of pyruvate?

Answer 13

Glucose, oxaloacetate, ethanol+CO2, lactate and acetyl coA

Question 14

When does glycolysis rate change?

Answer 14

Increased rate is due to exercise or after a high carbohydrate meal
a decreased rate is due to a fasting state