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MED year 1 > ANAT: cells > Flashcards

ANAT: cells Flashcards

1
Q

List the components of the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipids, protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol

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2
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

Involved in maintaining rigidity

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3
Q

What 3 structures make up the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubles, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

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4
Q

What structures are made of microtubules?

A

Cilia, flagella, centrioles, spindle fibres

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5
Q

What is the arrangement of centrioles?

A

9 triplets of microtubules in a pinwheel-like structure

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6
Q

What is the arrangement of flagella/cilia?

A

9 pairs + 2 central microtubules

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7
Q

What structures are made of microfilaments?

A

microvilli

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8
Q

What is the difference between microvilli and cilia?

A

Cilia are longer and involved in motility, microvilli are shorter and involved in absorption

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9
Q

List the 3 propositions of the modern cell theory

A

all life is composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, all cells come from other cells

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10
Q

List 2 examples of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria, archaea

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11
Q

List key characteristics of prokaryotes

A

Structurally simple, biochemically complex, unicellular, no MBOs

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12
Q

List 5 examples of eukaryotes

A

Humans, animals, fungi, plants, protists (unicellular)

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13
Q

What are cellular inclusions?

A

Metabolically active accumulations of nutrients, metabolites, cell products

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14
Q

Describe the structure of a nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope (double membrane), chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear lamina, nuclear matrix

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15
Q

List examples of anuclear cells/entities

A

Erythryocytes, platelets, keratinocytes, products of incorrect cell division

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16
Q

List examples of polynuclear cells/entities

A

SkM cells, cardiac muscle cells (depending on maturity)

17
Q

Describe the RER structure

A

Flat cisternae, continuous with the nucleus

18
Q

Describe the SER structure

A

Tubular, continuous with the RER

19
Q

List some functions of the SER

A

Synthesises lipids and steroids, detoxifies hormones and drugs, metabolises carbohydrates, stores Ca2+ ions

20
Q

What is the SER referred to as in SkM cells?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

Where are lysosomes produced?

A

In the RER

22
Q

What is the structure of a microtubule?

A

Ring of 13 subunits

23
Q

What is a centrosome?

A

Formed when 2 centrioles join at 90 degrees during cell division

24
Q

What is the main function of microtubules?

A

Maintaining cell shape

25
Q

What is the main function of microfilaments?

A

Cell motility - peripherally located, polymerise and depolymerise to create MOVEMENT

26
Q

What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

A

Acts as an anchor for the cytoskeleton, especially actin filaments

MED year 1 (10 decks)

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