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Stage 2 Medicine > ANAT20080 Musculoskeletal Biology > Flashcards

ANAT20080 Musculoskeletal Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis major?

A

The medial half of the clavicle and the costal cartilages of the upper 7 ribs

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2
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

Adduction, medial rotation and flexion of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

A

The medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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4
Q

What is the insertion of pectoralis minor?

A

The coracoid process of the scapula

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5
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

The medial pectoral nerve

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

The inner lips of the bicipital groove

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7
Q

What is the action of serratus anterior?

A

Protraction and fixation of the scapula against the thoracic wall and the upward (lateral) rotation of the scapula

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8
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

The protraction of the scapula

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9
Q

What is the action of the protraction of the scapula?

A

Drawing the scapula forward and down

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10
Q

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

A

The external lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

A

The medial border of the scapula, located inferior to the spine

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the subclavius?

A

The subclavian groove of the clavicle

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13
Q

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

A

The long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin of the subclavius?

A

The junction of the first rib and its costal cartilage

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the subclavius?

A

The subclavian nerve

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16
Q

What is the action of the subclavius?

A

Stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint and draws the clavicle down and forward

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17
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

The surfaces of ribs 3, 4 and 5

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

The anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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19
Q

What are the four muscles that make up the pectoral region?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior and subclavius

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19
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

The spinous process of T7-T12, the lumbar sacral vertebrae and the posterior third of the iliac crest

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20
Q

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of the bicipital groove

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21
Q

What is the innervation of latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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22
Q

What is the action of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the arm

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23
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius?

A

The superior nuchal line and the spinous process of C7-T12

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A

The spine of the scapula and the medial border of the acromion

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

The accessory nerve

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve

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28
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid major?

A

The spines of T2-T5 vertebrae

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29
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve

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30
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Elevator of the scapula
Rotation of the scapula during abduction
The upper fibres (descending part of the trapezius) elevate and laterally rotate the scapula
The middle fibres (transverse part) retract the scapula
The lower fibres (ascending part) depress the scapula

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31
Q

What are the muscles that make up the superficial muscles of the back?

A

Latissimus dorsi, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

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32
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?

A

The medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine

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33
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid minor?

A

The spines of C7-T11 vertebrae

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34
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

A

Retraction and elevation of the scapula

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35
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid minor?

A

Retraction and elevation of the scapula

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36
Q

What are the scapulohumeral muscles?

A

Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, terse major and the deltoid

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37
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor

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38
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff?

A

The rotation of the humerus

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39
Q

What is the origin of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

The posterior supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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40
Q

What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

A

The superior facet of the greater tubercle

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41
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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42
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Abduction of the arm with the deltoid and stabilizes the shoulder joint

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43
Q

What is the origin of the infraspinatus?

A

The infraspinous fossa

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44
Q

What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?

A

The middle facet of the greater tubercle

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45
Q

What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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46
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

A

The lateral rotation of the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint

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47
Q

What is the origin of the teres minor?

A

The middle part of the lateral scapular border

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48
Q

What is the insertion of teres minor?

A

The inferior facet of the greater tubercle

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49
Q

What is the innervation of teres minor?

A

The axillary nerve

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50
Q

What is the action of teres minor?

A

The lateral rotation of the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint

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51
Q

What is the origin of the subscapularis?

A

The subscapular fossa

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52
Q

What is the insertion of the subscapularis

A

The lesser tubercle, which fuses with the capsule of the shoulder joint

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53
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapularis?

A

The subscapular nerve

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54
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis?

A

The medial rotation of the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint, mainly holding the head of the humerus in the glenohumeral cavity

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55
Q

What is the origin of teres major?

A

The posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

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56
Q

What is the insertion of teres major?

A

The medial lip of the bicipital groove

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57
Q

What is the innervation of teres major?

A

The lower part of the subscapular nerve

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58
Q

What is the action of teres major?

A

The medial rotation of the arm and adduction of the arm

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59
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid?

A

The lateral third of the clavicle and the scapular spine

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60
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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61
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

The axillary nerve

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62
Q

What is the action of the deltoid?

A

The abduction of the arm when all parts work together:

  • clavicular part = flexion and medial rotation of the arm
  • acromion part = abduction of the arm
  • spinal part = arm extension and lateral rotation
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63
Q

What muscles are not innervated by the median nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnar is and flexor digitorum profundus muscle

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64
Q

What muscle make up the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor policies longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratics

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65
Q

What muscles makeup the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus

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66
Q

What muscle makes up the intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

The flexor digitorum superficialis

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67
Q

What muscles make up the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator quadratus, flexor policis longus and flexor digitorum profundus

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68
Q

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

The medial epicondyle and the medial border of the coronoid process

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69
Q

What is the insertion of pronator teres?

A

The me\id-lateral surface of the radial shaft

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70
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

The median nerve

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71
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronation and flexion of the forearm

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72
Q

What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

The medial epicondyle

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73
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

The bases of metacarpals 2 and 3

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74
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

The median nerve

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75
Q

What is the action of flexor carpi radialis?

A

The flexion and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint

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76
Q

What is the origin of palmaris longus?

A

The common flexor tendon on the medial epicondyle

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77
Q

What is the insertion of palmaris longus?

A

The flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis

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78
Q

What is the innervation of palmaris longus?

A

The median nerve

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79
Q

What is the action of palmaris longus?

A

Flexion at the wrist joint

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80
Q

What is the origin of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

the common flexor tendon and the medial border of the olecranon

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81
Q

What is the insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

The base of metacarpal 5

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82
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

The ulnar nerve

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83
Q

What is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Abduction of the wrist and flexion of the wrist

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84
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

The common flexor tendon, the coronoid process and the anterior facet of the radial shaft

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85
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

The tendons of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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86
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

The median nerve

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87
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexion of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5 and the proximal phalanges

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88
Q

What is the origin of flexor pollicis longus?

A

The medial epicondyle and the anterior surface of the radius

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89
Q

What is the insertion of flexor pollicis longus?

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

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90
Q

What is the innervation of flexor pollicis longus?

A

The median nerve

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91
Q

What is the action of flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexion of the thumb

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92
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

The upper quarter of the anterior ulnar shaft

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93
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

The base of distal phalanges 2-5 through the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis

94
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

The lateral half by the median nerve and the medial half by the ulnar nerve

95
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

The flexion of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

96
Q

What is the origin of pronator quadratus?

A

The distal quarter of the anterior ulnar surface

97
Q

What is the insertion of pronator quadratus?

A

The distal quarter of the anterior surface of the radius

98
Q

What is the innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

The median nerve

99
Q

What is the action of pronator quadratus?

A

The pronation of the forearm

100
Q

What muscles makeup the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digits minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, anconeus

101
Q

What muscles make up the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indices

102
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A

The lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

103
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

The styloid process of the radius

104
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

105
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

The flexion of the forearm

106
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

The lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

107
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

The base of metacarpal 2

108
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

The radial nerve

109
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Extension and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint

110
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

111
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

The base of metacarpal 2

112
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

The deep branch of the radial nerve

113
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Extension and abduction of the hand at the wrist joint

114
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

115
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum?

A

Extensor expansions of digits 2-5

116
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digitorum?

A

The posterior interosseous radial nerve

117
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum?

A

Extension of digits 2-5

118
Q

What is the origin of extensor digiti minimi?

A

The lateral epicondyle

119
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digiti minimi?

A

Joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the fifth digit through the extensor expansion

120
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digiti minimi?

A

The posterior interosseous radial nerve

121
Q

What is the action of extensor digiti minimi?

A

The extension of digit 5

122
Q

What is the origin of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

The lateral epicondyle

123
Q

What is the insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

The base of metacarpal 5

124
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

The posterior interosseous radial nerve

125
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

The extension and adduction of the hand at the wrist joint

126
Q

What is the origin of anconeous?

A

The lateral epicondyle

127
Q

What is the insertion of anconeous?

A

The lateral side of the olecranon and the upper quarter of the posterior ulnar surface

128
Q

What is the innervation of the anconeous?

A

The posterior interosseous radial nerve

129
Q

What is the action of the anconeous?

A

The extension of the forearm

130
Q

What is the origin of the supinator?

A

Supinator crest of the ulna, lateral epicondyle and the radial angular and collateral ligaments

131
Q

What is the insertion of the supinator?

A

Lateral surface of the upper third of the radius

132
Q

What innervation of the supinator?

A

The posterior interosseous radial nerve

133
Q

What is the action of the supinator?

A

Supination of the forearm

134
Q

What is the origin of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior surface of the ulna and the middle third of the posterior radial surface

135
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis longus?

A

The base of metacarpal 1

136
Q

What is the innervation of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous radial nerve

137
Q

What is the action of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abduction and extension of the thumb

138
Q

What is the origin of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane

139
Q

What is the insertion of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

The base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

140
Q

What is the innervation of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

The posterior interosseous radial nerve

141
Q

What is the action of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Extension and abduction of the thumb

142
Q

What is the origin of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior third of the ulnar surface and the interosseous membrane

143
Q

What is the origin of extensor indicis?

A

Posterior surface of the distal ulna and the interosseous membrane

144
Q

What is the insertion of extensor pollicis longus?

A

The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

145
Q

What is the insertion of extensor indicis?

A

Joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit onto the extensor expansion

146
Q

What is the innervation of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous radial nerve

147
Q

What is the innervation of extensor indicis?

A

Posterior interosseous radial nerve

148
Q

What is the action of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Extension of the thumb

149
Q

What is the action of extensor indicis?

A

Extension of the index finger

150
Q

What muscles make up the anterior arm muscles?

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

151
Q

What muscle makes up the posterior arm muscles?

A

Triceps brachii

152
Q

What is the origin of biceps brachii?

A

The long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

The short head originates at the coracoid process (scapula)

153
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

The radial tuberosity and the bicipital aponeurosis

154
Q

What is the innervation of biceps brachii?

A

The musculocutaneous nerve

155
Q

What is the action of biceps brachii?

A

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint

Supination of the forearm when the elbow joint is flexed

An accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

156
Q

What is the origin of brachialis?

A

The distal half of the anterior humeral surface

157
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

158
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis?

A

The coronoid process and the ulnar tuberosity

159
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

The middle third of the medial humeral surface

160
Q

What is the innervation of the brachialis and the coracobrachialis?

A

The musculocutaneous nerve

161
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint

162
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

An accessory adductor of the arm

163
Q

What is the origin of the triceps brachii?

A

The long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus superior to the radial groove

Medial head: the posterior surface of the humerus

164
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

The superior surface of the olecranon of the ulna and the fascia of the forearm

165
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

The radial nerve

166
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint

The long head can also extend and adduction the arm at the shoulder joint

167
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, lumbricals, adductor pollicis, palmaris brevis, opponent pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponents digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi

168
Q

What is the origin of abductor digiti minimi?

A

The pisiform and the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

169
Q

What is the insertion of abductor digiti minimi?

A

The proximal phalanx of digit 5

170
Q

What is the innervation of abductor digiti minimi?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve

171
Q

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abduction of digit 5

172
Q

What is the origin of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

The hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

173
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

The proximal phalanx of digit 5

174
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digit minimi brevis?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve

175
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexion of digit 5

176
Q

What is the origin of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

177
Q

What is the insertion of opponens digiti minimi?

A

The medial border of metacarpal 5

178
Q

What is the innervation of opponens digiti minimi?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve

179
Q

What is the action of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Rotates the metacarpal 5 in opposition of the little finger

180
Q

What is the origin of opponens pollicis?

A

The tubercle of the trapezium and flexor retinaculum?

181
Q

What is the insertion of opponens pollicis?

A

The lateral border of metacarpal 1

182
Q

What is the innervation of opponens pollicis?

A

The median nerve

183
Q

What is the action of opponens pollicis?

A

The medial rotation and flexion of metacarpal 1 during opposition of the thumb

184
Q

What is the origin of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

The tubercle of the trapezium and the flexor retinaculum

185
Q

What is the insertion of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

The base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

186
Q

What is the innervation of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Median nerve

187
Q

What is the action of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

The flexion of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint

188
Q

What is the origin of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

The trapezium, the scaphoid and the flexor retinaculum

189
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

The base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor hood of the thumb

190
Q

What is the innervation of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

The median nerve

191
Q

What is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

The abduction of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint

192
Q

What is the origin of palmar interossei?

A

The sides of metacarpals 2, 4 and 5

193
Q

What is the origin of dorsal interossei?

A

The adjacent sides of metacarpals

194
Q

What is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

The tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

195
Q

What is the origin of adductor pollicis?

A

The capitate, the trapezoid, and metacarpals 2 and 3

196
Q

What is the origin of palmaris brevis?

A

The palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

197
Q

What is the insertion of palmaris brevis?

A

The skin of the median part of the hand

198
Q

What is the insertion of adductor pollicis?

A

The base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

199
Q

What is the insertion of the lumbricals?

A

The extensor hoods of digits 2-5

200
Q

What is the insertion of dorsal interossei?

A

The extensor hood and base of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 3, and 4

201
Q

What is the insertion of palmar interossei?

A

The extensor hoods of digits 2, 4 and 5

202
Q

What is the innervation of palmar interossei?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

203
Q

What is the innervation of dorsal interossei?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

204
Q

What is the action of palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of digits 2, 4 and 5

205
Q

What is the action of dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of digits 2, 3 and 4

206
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

Lateral part by median nerve

Medial part by ulnar nerve

207
Q

What is the innervation of adductor pollicis?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve

208
Q

What is the innervation of palmaris brevis?

A

The ulnar nerve

209
Q

What is the function of palmaris brevis?

A

Improves grip of the hand

210
Q

What is the action of adductor pollicis?

A

Adduction of the thumb

211
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

The flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints of digits 2-5

212
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle type synovial joint

213
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Clavicle, sternal manubrium, 1st costal cartilage

214
Q

What ligaments are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior sternoclavicular ligament, posterior sternoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament

215
Q

What type of ligament is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane type synovial joint

216
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Clavicle and the acromion of the scapula

217
Q

Wha are the ligaments involved in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Articular capsule
Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament

218
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket type synovial joint

219
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa

220
Q

What are the ligaments involved in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Coracohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, superior + middle + inferior glenohumeral ligament

221
Q

What are the movements of the glenohumeral joints?

A

Flexion + extension
Abduction + adduction
Lateral + medial rotation
Circumduction of the humerus

222
Q

What are the movements of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Gliding and rotation of the scapula

Axial rotation of the scapula

223
Q

What are movements of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Gliding

Elevating, depression + protraction,retraction of the clavicle

224
Q

What types of joint are the humeroulnar and the radio humeral joints?

A

Hinge type synovial joints

225
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the humeroulnar and the radiohumeral joints?

A

Head of radius and capitalism of humerus

Trochlea of ulna and the trochlea of the humerus

226
Q

What are the movements of the humeroulnar and radiohumeral joints?

A

Uniaxial movements

Flexion + extension

227
Q

What joints make up the elbow joints?

A

Humeroulnar
Radiohumeral
Proximal radioulnar

228
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

Ellipsoid type synovial joint

229
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the wrist joint?

A

Distal end of the radius
Articular disc at the distal end of the ulna
Carpal bones: scaphoid and lunate

230
Q

What are the movements of the wrist joint?

A

Extension and flexion

Adduction and abduction

231
Q

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint?

A

Saddle joint

232
Q

What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

Ellipsoid type synovial joint

Stage 2 Medicine (4 decks)

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