Anatomical terminology and skeleton functions/sizes and shapes WK 5

Question 1

Define anatomical planes. What are the 4 types?

Answer 1

Describe positional/ directional info of body parts
-Median plane: vertical, divides into equal right/left halves
-Sagittal plane: vertical, and parallel to median plane
-Coronal plane: vertical, divides body into anterior/posterior
-Horizontal/transverse plane: divides body into upper and lower sections (cross-sections)

Question 2

Describe superior/cranial and inferior/caudal as positional terms

Answer 2

-superior/cranial: towards the head
-inferior/caudal: towards the feet

Question 3

Describe anterior/ventral as positional terms

Answer 3

towards front of the body

Question 4

Describe posterior/dorsal as positional terms

Answer 4

towards back of the body

Question 5

Describe median as positional term

Answer 5

in the midline

Question 6

Describe medial vs lateral as positional term

Answer 6

-medial: nearer to midline
-lateral: further from midline

Question 7

Describe proximal as positional term

Answer 7

close to structure, or point of reference

Question 8

Describe distal as positional term

Answer 8

away from a structure, or point of reference

Question 9

Describe superficial vs deep as positional terms

Answer 9

-superficial: towards the surface of the body
-deep: away from the surface of the body

Question 10

Describe the main functions of the skeleton (5)

Answer 10

1. support: forms rigid endoskeleton
2. protection
3. Haemopoiesis: blood production
4. movement
5. storage: minerals (calcium) and fat (yellow bone marrow)

Question 11

Provide examples of what can be learnt from skeletons? (what can be interpreted when studied)

Answer 11

-age of individual
-sex
-cultural practices

Question 12

What are the 6 classifications of bones (provide examples and small description )

Answer 12

-long: longer than wide e.g. (humerus, tibia, femur)
-short: cube shaped, equal length and width e.g. (carpals, tarsals)
-flat: thin, plate like e.g. (sternum, scapula)
-irregular: lack recognisable shape e.g. (vertebrae)
-sesamoid: short bones, develop in tendons subjected to pressure (patella)

Question 13

Define articular surfaces. What are some types?

Answer 13

where bones form a joint (articulate/articulation)
-facet: smaller, form distinct flat areas
-head: expanded upper end and neck
-condyle

Question 14

Define depression. What are some types?

Answer 14

-fossa: can be articular depression
-sulcus/sulci: elongated depression

Question 15

Define extensions/elevations. Provide some types.

Answer 15

-process/spine: bony projection
-lines/crests: elongated elevation

Question 16

What is the foramen

Answer 16

hole acting as passage/cavity for vessels and nerves