Anatomical Terms

Question 1

What is anatomical information used for?

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of structure. Provides clues about probable functions. Anatomy examines the relationship among parts of the body along with the structure of individual organs.

Question 2

What languages are anatomical terms derived from?

Answer 2

Both Greek and Latin terminology.

Question 3

Describe the “Anatomical Position”

Answer 3

The anatomical position of the human body is when the person is stood up, facing forward arms down at the sides palms facing upwards, feet pointing and head pointing straight ahead

Question 4

1. Frontal (coronal) plane
2. Transverse (horizontal) plane
3. Sagittal (medial) plane
4. Midsagittal

Answer 4

1. Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
2. Cuts perpendicularly along the loong axis of the body or organ separating it into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
3. Extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves.
4. A section that passes along the midline and divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 5

Superior and Inferior

Answer 5

Superior means above

Inferior means below

The elbow is superior to the hand

The foot is inferior to the knee

Question 6

Anterior and Posterior

Answer 6

Anterior means toward the front (chest side) of the body.

Posterior means toward the back

Question 7

Medial and Lateral

Answer 7

Medial means toward the midline of the body

Lateral means away from the midline

Question 8

Proximal and Distal

Answer 8

Proximal means closest to the point of origin or trunk of the body

Distal means farthest away.

Question 9

Dorsal and Ventral

Answer 9

Dorsal means at teh back side of the human body

Versal means at the belly side of the human body

Question 10

The human body is partitioned into how many main regions?

Answer 10

Two

Axial region includes the head, neck, trunk (vertical axis)

Appendicular region

Question 11

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 11

Surrounded by the rib cage; separted from abdominal cavity by diaphragm

Question 12

Mediastrinum

Answer 12

Divides the thoracic cavity into left and right

Question 13

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 13

Enclosed primarily by abdominal muscles; contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys

Question 14

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 14

Enclosed by pelvic bone; contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs

Question 15

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 15

inclusive name for the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 16

Visceral Serous Membrane

Answer 16

Membrane covering the organ

Question 17

Parietal serous membrane

Answer 17

Membrane attached to the cavity wall

Question 18

Paricardial Cavity

Answer 18

Serous membrane-lined cavity surrounding the heart

Question 19

Visceral Pericardium

Answer 19

Serous membrane coverign the heart.

Question 20

Parietal Pericardium

Answer 20

Serous membrane lining the connective tissue sac containing the heart

Question 21

Pleural Cavity

Answer 21

Serous membrane-lined cavity surrounding each lung

Question 22

Parietal Pleura

Answer 22

Serous membrane lining the inner surface of teh thoracic wall, the lateral surfaces of the mediastinum and the superior surface of the diphragm

Question 23

Visceral Pleura

Answer 23

Serous membrane that lines each lung

Question 24

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 24

Serous membrane-lined cavity contained in teh abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 25

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 25

Serous memrane covering many of the abdominal organs

Question 26

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 26

Serousmembrane taht lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity and the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 27

Mesentery

Answer 27

Consists o two layers of peritoneum fused together; connects the visceral peritoenum of some abdominopelvic organs to the paretal peritoneum

Question 28

Retroparietal Organs

Answer 28

Organs closely attached to the other abdominopelbic wall by the parietal peritoneum; includes the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, parts of the intestines and the urinary bladder.

Question 29

List the levels of organization in a human body starting with the smallest unit

Answer 29

LEVEL 1- Cells

• Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
• May serve a specific function within the organism
• Examples: blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc.

LEVEL 2- Tissues

• Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity.
• Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.
• Examples: blood, nervous, bone, etc.

LEVEL 3- Organs

• Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity
• Example: heart, brain, skin, etc.

LEVEL 4- Organ Systems

• Groups of two or more tissues taht work together to perform a specific function for the organism.
• The human body has 11 organ systes: circulatory, digestive, endocrine, extretory (urinary), immune (lymphatic), immune (lymphatic), integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeleta.
• Example: Circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, etc.

LEVEL 5- Organisms

• Entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.
• Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may bemade up of only one cell sucha s bacteria or protist.
• Example: bacteria, ameoba, mushroom, sunflower, human.