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Pathology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Area of enhanced vitreo-retinal adhesion

A 
edge of retinal scars
Vitreous base 
Edge of lattice retinal degneration
major retinal blood vessels
Optic nerve
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2
Q

6th Nerve Nucleus

A

Caudal Pons anterior to 4th ventricle

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3
Q

Volume anterior chamber

A

250 microlitres

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4
Q

Foramen Ovale pierces what structure?

A

Pierces GREATER wing of sphenoid

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5
Q

Outer capillary plexus of retina is in which layer?

A

INL

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6
Q

How many degrees is the fovea displaced from the optic nerve?

A

15

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7
Q

What is the nasolacrimal duct lined by?

A

Stratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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8
Q

Chroid - rate of blood flow?

A

1400 ml/min per 100g

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9
Q

Outer retinal blood-brain barrier

A

Tight juncitons of RPE

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10
Q

Choroid length

A

posterior pole - 0.22mm

Anteriorly - 0.1mm

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11
Q

where is the density of capillaries (in choroid) densest and greatest?

A

macula

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12
Q

Ciliary body size

A

temporal - 6.5mm

nasal - 5.5mm

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13
Q

cells of ciliary body

A

inner non-pigmented
outer pigmented
apices face each other, connected by ciliary channels

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14
Q

what is non-pigmented layer of CB continuous with?

A

ILM of neuroretina

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15
Q

What forms the myoepithelium of the DILATOR pupillae?

A

Basal process of ANTERIOR cell of POSTERIOR pigment epithelium of iris

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16
Q

Origins of eyelid arterial supply

A

Medial palpebral: dorsal nasal
Lateral palpebral: lacrimal
Both from ICA

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17
Q

LPS inservatoin

A

bilateral

18
Q

Superior rectus and SO innervation

A

contralateral nuclei

19
Q

Histology of limbus

A

Schwalbe’s line to scleral spur

20
Q

CNVI course

A

Bound to brainstem close to its origin by the ANTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR artery

21
Q

Choroid outer to inner

A

Haller’s –> Sattlers –> Choircapillaris –> Bruch’s membrane

22
Q

Volume of vitreous?

A

4mls

23
Q

Upper visual field coresponding to which cortex?

A

Below calcarine fissure

24
Q

Comparing aqeous to lens

A

Aqueous:
water, Na, Cl, Glucose

Lens:
Amino Acids, Gluthathione, K+

25
Q

Resting membrane potential in neurons?

A

-70mv

26
Q

Gland of Zeis

A

Sebaceous gland

27
Q

Meibominan gland

A

Modified sebaceous gland

28
Q

Gland of Moll

A

Modified sweat gland

29
Q

Cilioretinal artery

A

15-20% of people
Supplies between optic disc and macula
Enters retina at LATERAL border of ON

30
Q

Chiasm

A

temporal hemiretinal fibres continue ipsilaterally
nasal hemiretinal fibres decussate
inferior nasal fibres in decussating loop forward into the opposite optic nerve for a short distance called Wilbrand ‘s knee (junctional scotoma)
fibres from upper retinal quadrants lie superior
fibres from the lower retinal quadrants lie inferior
inferior nasal fibres decussate anteriorly and inferiorly
superior nasal fibres decussate posteriorly and superiorly
macula fibres decussate primarily in the posterior superior portion of the chiasm

31
Q

Where does the CRA and vein pierce the dura?

A

12mm behind the eyeball, infero-medially

Vein lies more posteriorly to artery, takes a more prolonged course in the subarach

32
Q

Which visual field fans out laterally and inferiorly around the anterior tip of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

superior visual field (inferior retina)

33
Q

Which wall of calcarine sulcus will the inferior visual field go to?

A

Inferior VF = Superior retina = superior calcarine sulcus

34
Q

CSF Movements

A

CSF is produced mainly by choroid plexus in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. CSF flows from the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen (also called the foramen of Monro). The third ventricle and fourth ventricle are connected to each other by the cerebral aqueduct. CSF then flows into the subarachnoid space through the foramina of Luschka (there are two of these) and the foramen of Magendie (only one of these). Absorption of the CSF into the blood stream takes place in the superior sagittal sinus through structures called arachnoid villi.

35
Q

Superior oblique

A

longest tendon

36
Q

Superior rectus

A

biggest muscle belly

37
Q

inferior oblique

A

shortest muscle tendon

38
Q

Lymph drainage from eyelids

A

Superficial parotid

Submandibular nodes

39
Q

Where does all the lymphatic drainage from the head and neck go to>

A

Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

40
Q

Decemets membrane is continuous with ?

A

TM

Pathology (8 decks)

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