Anatomy

Question 1

Posterior medial papillary muscle supplied by which coronary artery (s)

Answer 1

PDA

Question 2

Anterolateral papillary muscle supplied by coronary artery (s)

Answer 2

LAD and circumflex, making it less susceptible to ischemia 

Question 3

What determines “dominant coronary artery”

Answer 3

Whichever one gives rise to PDA…

Question 4

Chagas diseas

Answer 4

-Latin America
–LV apical aneurysm.
– nonischemic cardiomyopathy. 

Question 5

Cardiac sarcoid area affected?

Answer 5

-Endocardium of the anteroseptal and apex of the LV.
– focal hypokinesis of affected regions. 

Question 6

Pseudoaneurysm.
– complication of
– describe.

Answer 6

-Mechanical complication of MI
-Myocardial necrosis leads to contained ventricular rupture.
– narrow neck
– wall formed by pericardium.

Question 7

Left atrium, measured where

Answer 7

End systole.
– apical 4C
– apical 2C
Then indexed for body size 

Question 8

Partial anomalous, pulmonary venous return

Question 9

L transposition

Answer 9

Ventricles are reversed

Question 10

D transposition (dead)

Answer 10

Great vessels are reversed.
Must have leaks/chance to survive.
Fix with either
arterial switch
or intra-atrial baffle.
(Mustard-Senning)

Question 11

Three tricuspid valve leaflets

Answer 11

Septal, anterior and posterior.
Septal is obviously medial.

Question 12

Aneurysm

Answer 12

All three layers: intima, media, adventitia
Thinned, dyskinetic myocardium

Question 13

Pseudoaneurysm

Answer 13

Two layers: media, adventitia.
Usually direct trauma/rupture of ventricular free wall.
Contained by pericardium.
Narrow neck.
Surgical consult

Question 14

Another name for the inferolateral segment?

Answer 14

Posterior segment.

Question 15

How to tell paracardial from plural effusion on echo

Answer 15

Pericardial effusion anterior to descending aorta.
Plural effusion posterior to descending aorta on PLAX

Question 16

Respiratory variation for Tamponade/constriction

Answer 16

Mitral valve 25%
Tricuspid valve 40%

Question 17

Cor triatrium (dexter)

Answer 17

Potentially obstructive membrane that can develop in the right atrium

Question 18

Cor triatrium (sinister)

Answer 18

Occurs in the left atrium above the LAA, theoretically, could impair growth of downstream structures, including arch…

Question 19

Associated with coarctation? (3)

Answer 19

Bicuspid aortic valve
subaortic membrane/stenosis
mitral valve abnormalities

Question 20

Shone complex (4)

Answer 20

Supramitral valve ring.
Parachute mitral valve.
Subaortic stenosis,
Coarctation of the aorta.

Question 21

Shone like complex

Answer 21

Any subset of multiple left-sided obstructive lesions

Question 22

DORV

Answer 22

Double outlet right ventricle
Aortic and pulmonary valves, committed to RV and usually associated with VSD.
Usually presents/surgical repair during childhood.

Question 23

Tricuspid atresia

Answer 23

3functional cardiac chambers
lack of direct connection between RA & hypoplastic RV
Presents young.
Fontan palliation. 

Question 24

Marfan’s associated with what (4)

Answer 24

Mitral valve prolapse.
Tricuspid valve prolapse.
Dilatation of SoValsalva
Dilation main PA 

Question 25

Pulmonary atresia with VSD typically associated with…

Answer 25

Multiple aorta pulmonary collateral arteries.
(MAPCAs)

Question 26

Normal BSA
and formula

Answer 26

Men 1.9 m²
Women 1.6 m²
My BSA is 1.72 m²
m² = (height/cm x weight/kg, divided by 3600) x 0.5