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Anatomy > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

A

abdominal

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2
Q

neck region

A

cervical

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3
Q

area between the neck and abdomen, supported by the ribs, sternum and costal cartilages; chest

A

thoracic

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4
Q

pertaining to the head

A

cephatic

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5
Q

The study of the STRUCTURE of the body and their relationship to each other

A

anatomy

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6
Q

the study of HOW the body and its parts work or function

A

physiology

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7
Q

simplest level, combine to form cells, is not living

A

atoms

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8
Q

smallest unit of a living thing

A

cells

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9
Q

consists of groups of similar cells with a common function

A

tissue

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10
Q

4 types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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11
Q

structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that perform a specific function (this is when complex functions become possible)

A

organ

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12
Q

a group of organs that work together to complete a common purpose

A

organ system

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13
Q

highest level of structural organization, sum of all systems working together

A

organsim

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14
Q

integumentary structures

A

skin, hair, nails

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15
Q

to protect deeper parts of the body from injury, sunlight, and pathogens; holds sensory receptors and sweat glands; prevents internal organs from drying out

A

integumentary function

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16
Q

skeletal structures

A

bones, cartilage, joints, tendons, ligaments

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17
Q

supports the body; has protective functions; provides framework for muscles to move; stores blood cells and minerals

A

skeletal functions

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18
Q

muscular structures

A

skeletal muscles

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19
Q

allows for manipulation of environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produce heat

A

muscular functions

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20
Q

CNS: brain, spinal cord; PNS: nerves, sensory receptors

A

nervous structure

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21
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

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22
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

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23
Q

control system of the body; receive sensory information and send responses

A

nervous function

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24
Q

endocrine structures

A

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, thymus gland, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, and testes

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25
Q

glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

A

endocrine function

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26
Q

cardiovascular (CVS) structures

A

heart and blood vessels

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27
Q

use blood to carry oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to and picks up wastes from different parts of the body; white blood cells are used to fight off viruses, bacteria, and tumor cells

A

cardiovascular functions

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28
Q

lymphatic structures

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

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29
Q

compliment the CVS by cleansing blood and housing white blood cells; when fluid is leaked from the CVS the lymphatic vessels return into the bloodstream

A

lymphatic function

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30
Q

Respritory structures

A

nasal passages, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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31
Q

keeps the body supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory function

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32
Q

digestive structures

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum

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33
Q

breakdown food and deliver nutrients to the blood for dispersal; excess food that is not digested and absorbed leave the body through the anus

A

digestive functions

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34
Q

urinary structures

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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35
Q

removes nitrogenous wastes from the blood and flush it out of the body; maintains the body’s water and salt balance, regulate pH of blood and blood pressure

A

urinary function

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36
Q

reproductive structures

A

male: testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands; female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

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37
Q

to produce offspring by sperm fertilizing the egg through sex

A

reproductive function

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38
Q

every living organism must maintain its boundaries so the inside remains separate from the outside (the integumentary system)

A

boundaries

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39
Q

all activities done by the muscular system

A

movement

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40
Q

key to maintaining a healthy life

A

moving

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41
Q

ability to sense stimuli in environment and react to them

A

responsiveness

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42
Q

example of involuntary response

A

maintaining posture, reflexes

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43
Q

example of voluntary response

A

athlete choosing where to hit the ball

44
Q

system most used for responsiveness

A

nervous system

45
Q

the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough to absorbed into the blood

A

digestion

46
Q

All of the chemical reactions that occur within the body and it’s cells; uses nutrients to produce ATP to power cells

A

metabolism

47
Q

the process of removing wastes from the body; includes sweat, feces, urine

A

excretion

48
Q

happens at both the cellular and organisms level; regulated very precisely by the endocrine system

A

reproduction

49
Q

increase in the cells or bodily size; cell construction must occur at a faster rate than destruction

A

growth

50
Q

taken in through food; carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins

A

nutrients

51
Q

nutrients are useless without it, cells would die without it, all chemical reactions that release energy from food requires it

A

oxygen

52
Q

most abundant substance in the body; fluid base for all se reaction and excretions in the body

A

water

53
Q

body temperature

A

98.6°F (37°C)

54
Q

if body temperature drops

A

your metabolism becomes slower and can eventually stop

55
Q

If body temperature is too high

A

metabolism gets too fast causing a breakdown of proteins

56
Q

force exerted on the body by the weight of air

A

atmospheric pressure

57
Q

breathing and the exchange of gases in the lungs

A

depends on atmospheric pressure

58
Q

used to accurately describe body parts and position; ALWAYS assume this when labeling; directional terms will always refer to this no matter how the body is positioned

A

anatomical position

59
Q

allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another; it saves words and is clearer

A

directional terms

60
Q

toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body; above

A

superior

61
Q

Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure; below

A

inferior

62
Q

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

A

anterior

63
Q

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

A

Posterior (dorsal)

64
Q

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

A

medial

65
Q

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

A

lateral

66
Q

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

intermediate

67
Q

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment

A

proximal

68
Q

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment

A

distal

69
Q

toward or at the body surface; more external

A

superficial

70
Q

away from the surface, more internal

A

deep

71
Q

divides body into left and right on the midline

A

saggital plane

72
Q

Divides body into unequal right and left sides; not on the midline

A

parasagittal

73
Q

divides body into anterior and posterior

A

coronal (frontal) plane

74
Q

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

A

transverse plane

75
Q

cranial cavity (space inside the skull) and spinal cavity (extends from the cranial cavity to end of spinal cord)

A

dorsal body cavity

76
Q

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

ventral body cavity

77
Q

contains heart and lungs; diaphragm separates this cavity from the others

A

thoracic cavity

78
Q

Contains stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs

A

abdominal cavity

79
Q

contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

A

pelvic cavity

80
Q

right hypochondriac region

A

right top corner; contains liver

81
Q

epigastric region

A

top middle; contains stomach

82
Q

left hypochondriac region

A

left top corner; contains spleen

83
Q

right lumbar region

A

right middle; contains large intestine

84
Q

umbilical region

A

middle; contains small and large intestine

85
Q

left lumbar region

A

left middle; contains large intestine

86
Q

right iliac region

A

right bottom corner; contains appendix

87
Q

hypogastric region

A

bottom middle; contains urinary bladder

88
Q

left iliac region

A

left bottom corner; contains large intestine

89
Q

describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though external factors are changing

A

homeostasis

90
Q

A state of balance of homeostasis

A

equalibrium

91
Q

all control mechanisms have

A

receptors, control center, and effectors

92
Q

sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment by sending input information to the control center

A

receptors

93
Q

determines how the variable is to be maintained; analyzes information and determines the response

A

control center

94
Q

provides the means for the control center’s response to the stimulus

A

effectors

95
Q

the response to the stimulus in which it either shuts off or reduces its intensity (happens most of the time)

A

negative feedback

96
Q

example of negative feedback

A

body temperature regulation (through sweating)

97
Q

tends to increase the original disturbance and push the variable farther from homeostasis

A

positive feedback

98
Q

example of positive feedback

A

uterus expanding during pregnancy

99
Q

contains the teeth and tongue; part of and continuous with the digestive cavity

A

oral cavity

100
Q

part of the respiratory system located withing and posterior to the nose

A

nasal cavity

101
Q

contains the eyes; located in the skull

A

orbital cavity

102
Q

located medial to the ear drums; contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to hearing receptors

A

middle ear cavity

103
Q

in both the reproductive system and endocrine system

A

ovaries

104
Q

the wrist is _______ to the hand

A

proximal

105
Q

skin is an

A

organ

106
Q

levels of organization (smallest to largest)

A

atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

107
Q

kidney function

A

not a function of anatomy

Anatomy (16 decks)

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