Anatomy

Question 0

Anatomical Position

Answer 0

The body is standing upright
Feet parallel
Arms hanging by the sides
Palms and face directed forward

Helpful for reference purposes to describe starting point of movement

Question 1

Anatomy of movement involve interaction of these three systems

Answer 1

The bones of the skeleton, linked together at the joints, moved by action of the muscles

Question 2

Planes of movement

Answer 2

Sagital
Frontal
Transverse

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

Divides the body into left and right

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

Movement in Sagittal plane which takes part of the body forward from anatomical position

Eg flexion of the hip, flexion of the shoulder
Exception : flexion (dorsiflexion) of the ankle

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

A movement in the Sagittal plane which takes part of the body backward from anatomical position

Eg. Extension of the neck, extension of the shoulder
Exception - extension (plantarflexion) of the ankle

Question 6

Frontal plane

Answer 6

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 7

Adduction

Answer 7

A movement in the frontal plane which takes part of the body toward the medial plane

Eg adduction of the hip

Question 8

Abduction

Answer 8

A movement in the frontal plane which takes a part of the body away from the medial plane

Eg abduction of the shoulder

Question 9

Lateral flexion

Answer 9

Movement in the frontal plane away from the medial plane for the trunk or neck

Also called side bending
Eg right lateral flexion of the trunk

Question 10

Transverse plane

Answer 10

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 11

Lateral rotation

Answer 11

A movement in the transverse plane which takes part of the body outward

Eg lateral rotation of the hip

Question 12

Medial rotation

Answer 12

A movement in the transverse plane which takes part of the body inward

Eg medial rotation of the shoulder

Question 13

Supination

Answer 13

(Of the forearm) the palm faces upward or forward

Question 14

Pronation

Answer 14

(Of the forearms) the palm of the hand is facing downward or backward

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

Closer to the center (median plane)

Question 16

Lateral

Answer 16

Further from the center (median plane)

Question 17

Anterior

Answer 17

Facing toward or located at the front

Question 18

Posterior

Answer 18

Facing toward or located at the back

Question 19

Superior

Answer 19

Facing toward or located at the top (closer to the head)

Question 20

Inferior

Answer 20

Facing toward or located at the bottom (further from the head)

Question 21

Superficial

Answer 21

(External) on or near the outside surface of the body or a particular bone or organ

Question 22

Deep

Answer 22

(Internal) inside the body or particular bone or organ

Question 23

Proximal

Answer 23

Closer to the trunk, or some major joint

Question 24

Distal

Answer 24

Further from the trunk, or some major joint

Question 25

Skeleton

Answer 25

Mobile framework of bones providing rigid support for the body

Bones serve as levers for the action of muscles

Question 26

Three basic shapes of bones

Answer 26

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones

Question 27

Long bones

Answer 27

Radius
Ulna
Femur

Question 28

Short bones

Answer 28

Talus

Question 29

Flat bones

Answer 29

Scapula

Question 30

Bones are subject to what types of mechanical strain

Answer 30

Gravitational pressure from the body itself (bones, especially legs, feet, and back, support the weight of the body)
Movement (muscle contraction) against resistance (eg lifting a heavy object)
Gravitational pressure from external objects (traction) eg supporting a heavy suitcase
Twisting forces

Question 31

Bones

Answer 31

Act as levers and points of attachment for the muscles

Made to withstand all types of strain