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Endocrine > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary gland location

A

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

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2
Q

ant pituitary derived form

A

Rathkes pouch (diverticulum of stomodeum- primary oral cavity)

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3
Q

post pituitary derived from

A

diencephalon

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4
Q

primary blood supply of Neurohypophysis

A

inferior hypophyseal arteries

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5
Q

3 cell groups in ant pituitary

A

acidophils
basophils
chromophobes

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6
Q

acidophils

A

somatotrophs (GH)

lactotrophs (Prolactin)

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7
Q

basophils

A

gonadotrophs (LH, FSH)
Corticotrophs (ACTH)
thryrotophs (TSH)

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8
Q

brain releases

A

ANP

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9
Q

liver releases which hormone

A

IGF-1

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10
Q

Protein polypeptide hormones and released from

A

ANT Pituitary
Post pituitary
Pancrease - insuluin, glucagon
Parathyroid- PTH

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11
Q

Steriods secreted from

A

adrenal cortex- aldosterone, cortisol
ovaries + plancenta- estrogen, progesterone
testes- testosterone

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12
Q

derivative of amino acid TYROSINE

A

thyroid- T3, T4

adrenal medulla- epinephrine, NE

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13
Q

hormone release can be

A

Neural - ach , release
Hormonal- 1 hormone stim release of another
Humoral- in body fluids, respond to ions and changes in body

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14
Q

hormone receptor cells:

A

cell membrane surface- protein, peptide, catecholamine
cell cytoplasm- steroid
cell nucleus- Thyroid hormone

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15
Q

tyrosine Kinase receptors

A

insulin

growth factors

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16
Q

homodimers

A 
steroid receptors: 
estrogen R,
 progesterone R,
 androgen R,
 glucocorticoid R
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17
Q

heterodimer receptors

A

Thyroid R
Vit D
Retinoic acid R
PPAR

18
Q

major and minor endocrine glands

A

Major: Thyroid and parathyroid
adrenal
pituitary
pineal

minor- pancrease and thymus

19
Q

pancrease functions

A

accessory digestive gland

exocrine- 
trypsin 
amylase
lipase
Bicarb

endocrin-
insulin
glucagon

20
Q

Pancrease innervation symp/parasymp

A

symp- GREATER SPLANCHNIC N ( T6-T9)

parasymp- VAGUS

21
Q

Blood supply to pancrease

A

Celiac trunk

Splenic A- tail
Pancreaticoduodenal A- head and neck

22
Q

Pancreatic venous system

A

all thru PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM (thru liver first)

23
Q

Embryo Pancrease formation

A

3 weeks

Dorsal- outgrowth from GUT TUBE - part NECK, BODY, TAIL

Ventral- form LIVER BUD- part of NECK, HEAD

24
Q

entry for pancrease into duodenum

A

duodenal papillae

25
Q

pancrease forms from?

A

ENDODERM of primitive gut tube

26
Q

exocrine pancrease branch into

A 
ACINAR cells  (SEROUS GLANDS)
DUCT system
27
Q

endocrine pancreas form when?

- order of developement of endocrine islet cells

A 
3rd month
 (1-2% of pancreas is endocrine islet cells)
Alpha (20%)
Beta (70%)
Delta (5-10%)
Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)
28
Q

INsuliun secretion when?

A

5th MONTH

29
Q

blood supply to islets

A

Afferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole

30
Q

somatostatin

A

inhibits function: ALPHA + BETA cells in pancreas

Inhibit release of : GH

31
Q

systemic glucose sensors in glucose homeostatis

A

Hypothalamus
gut (L cells)
Pancreatic islet (alpha and beta)

32
Q

Maintains Blood Glucose levels

A

LIVER

33
Q

increase BG and insulin -

A

glucose used to make- glycogen, fat, ATP

34
Q

decrease BG and insulin

A

glucose release stimulated by

GLUCAGON
Epinephrine
Cortisol

35
Q

glucagon binds receptors

A

liver-
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis

adipose tissue-
lipolysis (formes KETONE BODIES)

36
Q

Pancreatic Polypeptide released after?

causes?

A

meals, exercise, vagal stim

inhibit:
secretion of pancreatic EXOCRINE
Contraction of GALLBLADDER

Modulates:
secretion of GASTRIC ACID
GI Motility

37
Q

Amylin- stored? and released?

A

in BETA granules

released with INSULIN and C peptide

38
Q

Amylin increased in

A

OBESITY
HTN
Gestational DIabetes

39
Q

insulin release stim by? inhibited ?

A

STIM :
glucose
GLP-1
ACH

Inhibited:
catecholamines
somatostatin
neurotransmitters (norepinephrine)

40
Q

glucagon release Stim by? inhibited?

A 
stim:
HYPOGLYCEMIa
high AA meal
epinephrine
vagal stim
cortisol

inhibited:
HYPERGLYCEMIA
somatostatin

41
Q

main pancreatic duct?

accessory pancreatic duct?

A

Duct of WIRSUNG
drains to DUODENUM
at the MAJOR PAPILLAE

accessory?
Duct of SANTORINI
drain to duodenum at minor papillae

42
Q

diabetes classic triad

A

polyURIA
polyDIPSIA
polyPHAGIA

Endocrine (1 decks)

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