anatomy

Question 1

what type of joint is the hip? name its osteological components.

Answer 1

ball and socket synovial joint. femur head and acetabulum. articular cartilage over both

Question 2

what are the ligaments of the hip joint and their positions?

Answer 2

EXTRACAPSULAR = iliofemoral, two insertions and anterior. pubofemoral, anterior inferior - prevents abduction. ischiofemoral, posterior. all prevent over extension of the hip. INTRACAPSULAR = ligament to the head of the femur.

Question 3

what does the ligament to the head of the femur contain?

Answer 3

branch of femoral artery.

Question 4

what is the nerve supply to the hip joint?

Answer 4

femoral, superior gluteal, obturator, nerve to the head of the femur

Question 5

what is the blood supply to the hip joint?

Answer 5

medial and lateral circumflex arteries that arise from the profunda femoris artery and form a ring around the head of the femur. the medial is the main supply and can cause avascular necrosis’s the artery is torn.

Question 6

what are the stabilising factors of the hip joint?

Answer 6

acetabulum, ligaments, acetabular labrum

Question 7

what is the ace tabular labrum?

Answer 7

fibrocartilaginous ring around acetabulum to deepen the socket

Question 8

what muscles facilitate flexion at the hip?

Answer 8

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius

Question 9

what muscles facilitate extension at the hip?

Answer 9

gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

Question 10

what muscles facilitate abduction at the hip?

Answer 10

gluteus minimus, medius and the 5 deep gluteals e.g. piriformis

Question 11

what muscles facilitate adduction at the hip?

Answer 11

gracilis, adductors

Question 12

what muscles facilitate medial rotation at the hip?

Answer 12

semis, glue medius and minimus

Question 13

what muscles facilitate lateral rotation at the hip?

Answer 13

deep gluteals, glut maximus, biceps femoris

Question 14

what type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 14

hinge synovial. weight bearing.

Question 15

what are the articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 15

tibiofemoral, weight bearing. patellofemoral, allows efficient insertion of quadriceps femoris tendon onto tibia.

Question 16

what are the menisci?

Answer 16

one lateral, one medial. medial is larger. C shaped fibrocartilaginous strips. they are shock absorbers and make the knee articulations deeper.

Question 17

what are bursae?

Answer 17

synovial fluid filled sacs present at joints to reduce wear and tear.

Question 18

which bursae are present at the knee joint?

Answer 18

suprapatellar, prepatellar, infrapatellar, semimembranosis.

Question 19

what are the ligaments of the knee?

Answer 19

collateral, on medial and lateral side preventing medial and lateral rotation. crutiate, prevent anterior and posterior dislocation. patellar tendon (ligament). (menisci)

Question 20

which muscles facilitate flexion of the knee joint?

Answer 20

hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

Question 21

which muscles facilitate extension of the knee joint?

Answer 21

quadratus femoris

Question 22

which muscles facilitate lateral rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 22

biceps femoris

Question 23

which muscles facilitate medial of the knee joint?

Answer 23

semis, gracilis, popliteus, sartorius

Question 24

which bones is the ankle joint formed by?

Answer 24

fibula, tibia, talus.

Question 25

what is the shape of the articulation and how is it formed?

Answer 25

motise, bucket shaped. talus anterior head fits into bucket shape when dorsiflexing the foot.

Question 26

what are the medial and lateral ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 26

medial ligament is 4 separate ligaments that fan out from the medial malleolus. prevent over extension. lateral consists of anterior and posterior talofibular, calceanofibular.

Question 27

which muscles facilitates plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint?

Answer 27

soleus, gastrocnemius, tibialis posterior, plantaris

Question 28

which muscles facilitates dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle joint?

Answer 28

extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallisus longus, tibialis anterior.