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Block 5 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What component fibers make up the facial nerve?

A
  • Branchial Motor
    • All muscle of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, and posterior belly of digastric
  • Visceral Motor
    • Pregang para to sublingual and submandibular salivary glands, lacrimal galnd, and nasal mucosa
  • Special Sensory
    • Tast sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • General Sensory
    • Some sensation to external ear and auditory canal and a small area of orophrynx
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2
Q

What is the course of the facial nerve?

A
  1. Emerges from brainstem
  2. Passes through subarachnoid space
  3. Enters internal auditory meatus
  4. Passes through petrous temporal bone displaying geniculate ganglion
  5. Continues along facial canal and gives off chorda tympani
  6. Emerges from the skull through sytlomastoid foramen
  7. Passes through parotid gland lobes
  8. Distribues to muscles
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3
Q

Where can the facial nerve commonly be injured?

A

Near mastoid process

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4
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve Comonent Fibers

A

Special Sensory- auditory information from the cochlea and positiona/balance information from the semicircular canals

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5
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve Course

A
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6
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Component Fibers

A
  • General Sensory - touch, pain, temp., etc.
  • Special Sensory - taste posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • Visceral Sensory - baroreceptors/chemoreceptors in carotid sinus and carotid bodies
  • Branchial Motor - stylopharyngeus
  • Visceral Motor - pregang, para innervation of parotid gland
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7
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Course

A
  1. Rootlets emerge from brainstem and converge in jugular fossa
  2. Gives off tympanic before main trunk exits jugular foramen
  3. In jugular foramen displays superior and inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia
    1. Contain sensory nerve cell bodies
  4. From carotid body and sinus carotid nerves join inferior ganglion
  5. From tongue and pharynx, lingual and pharyngeal branches join the inferior ganglion
  6. Branchial motor fibers distribute to stylopharyngeus
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8
Q

Vagus Nerve Component Fibers

A
  • General Sensory - epiglottis, pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus, etc.
  • Special Sensory - small area for tase in the epiglottis and epiglotic valleculae
  • Visceral Sensory - widespread input concerning fuctional status of cardoi, pulmonary, gi and renal systems
  • Branchial Motor -
  • Visceral Motor - Pregang, para innervation to thoracic and abdominal organs to level of descending colon
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9
Q

Vagus Nerve Course

A
  1. Emerges from brainstem
  2. Converge to form two roots that exit jugular foramen
  3. Displays 2 ganglia (superior/jugular and inferior/nodose) located within jugular fossa of petrous temporal bone
  4. Receive fibers from CN XI (accessory)
  5. Lies between internal jug and internal carotid, descends vertically within carotid sheath
  6. From root of neck takes a different path on each side to reach cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexi
  7. From esophageal plexus, R and L gastric nerves arise to supply abdominal viscera as far as splenic flexure
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10
Q

Accessory Nerve Component Fibers

A
  • Branchial Motor - SCM and Trapezius
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11
Q

Accessory Nerve Course

A
  1. Emerges from lateral white matter of spinal cord
  2. Forms trunk that extends cranially and laterally passing from the spinal canal into the foramen magnum to enter posterior fossa
  3. Fiber join with vagus and then separate from them within jugular foramen
  4. Emerges from skull through jugular foramen, descends obliquely
  5. Distributes to SCM and trapezius
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12
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve Component Fibers

A
  • Somatic Motor - all intrinsic muscles and all but one extrinsic muscle of the tongue
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13
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve Course

A
  1. Emerge from brainstem
  2. Converge to form XII (hypoglossal) and exit through hypglossal canal
  3. Lies medial to IX, X, and XI
  4. Descends and passes laterally to carotid bifurcation
  5. Loops anteriorly about the greater horn of the hyoid bone, runs on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle, passing above the free posterior border of the mylohyoid
  6. Divides to supply muscles of the tongue
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14
Q

Medial Wall of Orbit

A

Formed by:

  1. Frontal Process of Maxilla
  2. Lacrimal
  3. Orbital Plate of Ethmoid Bone
  4. Sphenoid Bones

Weakest Wall

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15
Q

Lateral Wall of Orbit

A

Formed:

  • Anteriorly by Frontal Process of Zygomatic Bone
  • Posteriorly by Greater Wing of Sphenoid
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16
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure

A
  • Allows passage of
    • CN III, IV, and VI
    • 3 Branches of V1 (opthalmic nerve)
    • Othalmic Veins
17
Q

Inferior Orbital Fissure

A

Allows passage of:

  • CN V2 (maxillary nerve) and infraorbital vessels
  • Perhaps inferior opthalmic vein
18
Q

Outer Fibrous Layer of Eyeball

A
  1. Sclera
    1. Covers posterior 80%
    2. Provides attachment of muscles
  2. Cornea
    1. Transparent part
    2. Innervated by Opthalmic Nerve V1
19
Q

Middle Vascular Layer of Eyeball

A
  1. Choroid
    1. Lines most of sclera
    2. Extremely rich capillary bed
  2. Ciliary Body
    1. Connects choroid with circumference of iris
    2. Muscular and Vascular
  3. Iris
    1. Thin contractile diaphragm
    2. Central aperture = pupil
20
Q

Inner Retinal Layer of Eyeball

A
  1. Neural Layer
    1. Light Sensitive
    2. Optic disk - where nerve enters eyeball (no photoreceptors)
    3. Macula - oval shaped area of visual acuity near optic disk
  2. Pigmented Layer
    1. Attached to choroid
    2. Helps absorb the light to reduce scattering of light
21
Q

Anterior Chamber

A

Space directly posterior to cornea and anterior to the iris filled with aqueous humor produced by ciliary body

22
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

Space between iris and lens filled with aqueous humor

23
Q

Lens

A

Posterior to iris and anterior to vitreous body

Relaxation of lens = Near sight vision

Block 5 (4 decks)

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