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RESIT > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Primitive gut [5]

A

Cranial-caudal and lateral folds

Cranial and caudal closed by buccopharyngeal & cloacal

Held by mesenteries (double peritoneal layer)

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2
Q

Dorsal mesentery [5]

A

Attach gut organ to posterior abdominal wall

Give rise to

  • Gastrosplenic ligament
  • Lienorenal ligament
  • Greater omentum
  • SI/LI mesentery
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3
Q

Ventral mesentery

A

Foregut: Liver ligament, falciform ligaments and lesser omentum

Lesser omentum: Lesser curvature of stomach to back of liver (free edge)

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4
Q

Foregut [5]

A 
Oesophagus 
Stomach 
Proximal half duodenum 
Liver 
Pancreas
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5
Q

Midgut [6]

A 
Distal half duodenum 
jejunum 
Ileum 
Cecum 
Asc + 3/4 Trans colon
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6
Q

Hindgut [4]

A

1/4 Trans + Desc & Sigmoid colon and rectum

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7
Q

External Oblique [3]

A

Outer surface of lower 8 ribs

Linea alba

  • Iliac crest
  • Pubic tubercle
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8
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
Anterior 2/3 iliac crest

Costal margin
Crest of pubic bone

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9
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Lat 1/3 inguinal ligament
Interior surface of lower 6 ribs
Iliac crest

Linea alba
Crest of pubic bone

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10
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Pubic symphysis
Crest

Xiphoid process (5-7th CC)

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11
Q

VAN of abdominal wall

A

V: Thoracoepigastric (lat thoracic and sup epigastric)

A: Sup and Inf epigastric, intercostal and circumflex iliac

N: Thoracoabdominal n (thoracic and subcostal for rectus abdominis)

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12
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord & round ligament of uterus

Vas deferens, gonadel vessels, nerves, lymphatics and cremaster muscle

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13
Q

Inguinal canal layers

A

Transversalis fascia -> Internal spermatic fascia

Internal oblique -> Cremasteric fascia

External oblique -> External spermatic fascia

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14
Q

2 lines

A

Subcostal

Transtubercular

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15
Q

Right upper [6]

A

Pancreas head
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Hepatic flexure

Right liver lobe
Transv and asc colon

PGHD

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16
Q

Left upper [5]

A

Stomach
Spleen
Splenic flexure

Left liver lobe
Transv and Desc colon

SSS

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17
Q

Right lower [4]

A

Cecum
Appendix
Asc colon
Small intestine

CAAS

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18
Q

Left lower [3]

A

Desc colon
Sigmoid colon
Small intestine

DSS

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19
Q

Serous

A

Outer membrane, enclose several cavities and secrete lubricating fluid

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20
Q

Muscular

A

Longitudinal and circular

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21
Q

Mucosal

A

Lines internal organ or cavities exposed to external environment

22
Q

Oesophagus

A

Muscular - 25cm
Posterior to trachea
Curvature and surface

23
Q

SI

A

Pylorus to ileocaecal junction

5m

24
Q

SI sections

A

Duodenum:
Sup, inf, horizontal and asc
Pancreas and gallbladder -> D-J flexure

Jejunum:
3m D-J flexure to ileocaecal junction

25
Q

LI

A

1.5m
Asc and desc (retroperitoneal)
Transv and sigmoid

26
Q

VAN

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

A

Foregut: Celiac (V = portal, parasympathetic = Vagus)

Midgut: Sup mesenteric (parasympathetic = Vagus)

Hindgut: Inf mesenteric (parasympathetic = pelvic splanchnic)

27
Q

Sup mesenteric

A

Distal part duodenum -> Proximal 2/3 transv colon

Middle Colic, Right Colic, Ileocaecal
Jejunal and ill branch

28
Q

Inf mesenteric

A

Distal 1/3 transv colon -> halfway of anal canal

Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal

29
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic:

  • Splanchnic n (prevertebral)
  • Sympathetic trunk/ganglia (paravertebral)

Parasympathetic

  • Vagus nerve
  • Pelvic splanchnic n (S2-S4)
30
Q

Liver

  • Location [2]
  • Use [4]
  • Impression [2]
A

Right hypochondrium, epigastrium

Detoxification, protein synthesis, bile production and glycogen synthesis

Gastric and renal impression

31
Q

Peritoneal folds [4]

A

Falciform ligament: links diaphragm to upper surface liver

Round ligament: obliterated left umbilical vein and extends to umbilicus

Coronary ligaments: links diaphragm to liver

Lesser omentum: links liver to stomach

32
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Lesser stomach curvature to porta hépatis

Enclose:

  • Hepatic artery
  • Portal vein
  • Bile duct
  • Lymph nodes

Gastric arteries and veins
Free edge

33
Q

Porta hépatis [4]

A

Hepatic portal vein
Common hepatic duct
Hepatic artery proper
Nerve and lymphatics

34
Q

Liver divisions

A

Liver lobes -> Couinaud -? Hepatic artery & portal vein carry blood into sinusoid

35
Q

Triad

A

Bile duct
Hepatic artery
Portal vein

36
Q

Hepatocyte function [4]

A

Synthesis & release plasma protein into blood albumin

Deaminate AA -> urea into blood

Bilirubin -> bile pigment

Bile salts -> emulsify fats

37
Q

Portal systemic anastomoses

[1] 2 parts
[2] 3 parts
[3] 2 parts
[4] 6 parts

A

Abdominal part oesophagus: Left gastric tributaries with oesophageal branch azygous

Anal canal: Superior rectal and middle/inferior rectal

Umbilicus: Paraumbilical veins with epigastric veins

Veins of colon, duodenum, pancreas and liver with renal lumbar and phrenic

38
Q

Bile

A

Secreted by hepatocyte into bile canaliculi
40ml/hour
Closed sphincter of Oddi to duodenum
Emerge from porta unite to form common hepatic duct

39
Q

Retroperitoneal [3]

A

Anterior surface only

IVC, aorta, kidney and suprarenal glands

Pancreas, duodenum and asc/desc colon

40
Q

Kidney location [5]

A

Posterior abdominal wall
T12-L3

Diaphragm - superior
Quad Lumb - lat/post
Psoas major - medial

41
Q

Right kidney [4]

A

Liver
Duodenum
R Colic flexure
R Suprarenal gland

42
Q

Left kidney [6]

A 
Stomach 
Spleen 
Pancreas 
Jejunum 
L Colic flexure 
L Suprarenal gland
43
Q

Kidney functions [3]

A

Regulate blood
Produce hormones
Excrete waste

44
Q

Suprarenal gland

A

Pyramidal and semilunar
Cortex: Corticosteroids and sex hormones
Medulla: Adrenaline

Suprarenal artery/vein
Abdominopelvic n

45
Q

Ureter

A

20-30cms (renal pelvis to bladder)

Uteropelvic junction, cross iliac vessels and enter bladder

46
Q

Bladder and Urethra

A

Located in the true pelvis

Bladder: inverted pyramid with urethra at apex

Urethra: duct from 4 cms (female) to 20cms (male)

Urethra: urinary in female; reproductive/urinary in male

Passes under pubic symphysis; crosses pelvic floor muscles to reach genitals

47
Q

Kidney injuries

A

Protected by perirenal fat, ribs, vertebral column

Crush against ribs or column

Bruising to laceration

Rapid blood loss

48
Q

Renal pain

A

Stretching capsule, spasm smooth muscle of renal pelvis

Afferent fibres in renal plexus (around renal artery) follow parallel to symp fibres:
least splanchnic nerve => more detail next lecture
Symp trunk

Pain referred to cutaneous area of T12 - territory of subcostal nerve

49
Q

Kidney transplant

A

Transplant is inserted into iliac fossa

Incision done just over inguinal ligament (parallel)

Vessel anastomosis
renal artery to external iliac artery
renal vein to external iliac vein

50
Q

Kidney malformation

A

Bilateral/Unilateral renal agenesis

Supernumerary kidneys

Renal fusion

Ectopic kidney

Simple/polycystic kidney

RESIT (12 decks)

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