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Anatomy- semester 2 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

ABOF the LAW: Describe.

A
  • The “law” is that the muscles of the hand are supplied by the Ulnar n.
  • The exception is that the ABOF the LAW muscles are supplied by the median n.
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2
Q

ABOF the LAW: What are these muscles?

A
  • AB ductor pollicis brevis
  • O pponens pollicis
  • F lexor pollicis longus and brevis
  • LA teral to L umbricals (i.e. index and long finger)
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3
Q

ABOF the LAW: What is Froment’s sign?

A
  • Tests function of adductor pollicis (innervated by the ULNAR nerve)
  • Ability to spread fingers against resistance.
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4
Q

ABOF the LAW: What is the sign associated with this muscle group and innervation?

A
  • Froment’s sign
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5
Q

Anatomical snuff box: What are the borders of this region?

A
  • Medial border
  • Lateral border
  • Proximal border
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6
Q

Anatomical snuff box: What is the “floor” of this region?

A
  • Trapezium

- Scaphoid

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7
Q

Anatomical snuff box: What is the lateral border of this region?

A
  • A pair of tendons:
  • – Extensor pollicis brevis
  • – Abductor pollicis longus
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8
Q

Anatomical snuff box: What is the medial border of this region?

A
  • Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus
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9
Q

Anatomical snuff box: What is the proximal border of this region?

A
  • Radial styloid
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10
Q

Anatomical snuff box: What vascular structure overlies this region?

A
  • Cephalic vein
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11
Q

Axilla: Significant neurovascular and lymphatic structures within the axilla?

A
  • Axillary artery
  • Axillary vein
  • Brachial plexus (divisions, cords, and branches)
  • Lymphatics and nodes.
  • Short head of biceps brachii m.
  • Coracobrachialis m.
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12
Q

Axilla: What is the axillary fold?

A

Two ridges of skin-covered muscle along the sides of the chest where the under side of each arm meets the shoulder.

  • The anterior axillary fold is formed by the lateral edge of the pectoralis major muscle.
  • The posterior axillary fold is formed by the lateral edges of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles.
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13
Q

Axilla: What makes up the anterior boundary of the axilla?

A
  • Pectoralis major m.
  • Pectoralis minor m.
  • Anterior axillary fold
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14
Q

Axilla: What makes up the “floor” of the axilla?

A
  • Armpit
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15
Q

Axilla: What makes up the lateral boundary of the axilla?

A
  • Intertubercular sulcus
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16
Q

Axilla: What makes up the medial boundary of the axilla?

A
  • Rib cage

- Serratus anterior

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17
Q

Axilla: What makes up the posterior boundary of the axilla?

A
  • Subscapularis m.
  • Teres major m.
  • Latissimus
  • Posterior axillary fold
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18
Q

Axilla: What makes up the superior boundary of the axilla?

A
  • Outer border of 1st rib
  • Superior border scapula
  • Posterior border of clavicle.
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19
Q

Axilla: What structures drain into the lymphatic structures within the axilla?

A
  • 75% of lymphatic drainage from breast

- Tail of the breast

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20
Q

Brachial artery: Describe the anatomical region of the brachial artery.

A
  • Anterior compartment
  • Medial to anterior
  • Palpable along length
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21
Q

Brachial artery: What vital sign is commonly collected based off of the anatomy of the brachial artery?

A

Blood pressure

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22
Q

Brachial plexus: The anterior divisions form which cord(s)?

A
  • Medial cord

- Lateral cord

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23
Q

Brachial plexus: The lateral cord contains fibers from what nerve root(s)?

A

C5-C7

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24
Q

Brachial plexus: The medial cord contains fibers from what nerve root(s)?

A

C8-T1

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25
Q

Brachial plexus: The median nerve arises from what cord(s)?

A
  • Medial cord

- Lateral cord

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26
Q

Brachial plexus: The posterior cord contains fibers from what nerve root(s)?

A

C5-T1

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27
Q

Brachial plexus: The posterior divisions form which cord(s)?

A
  • Posterior cord
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28
Q

Brachial plexus: What are the four major nerves to the arm, forearm, and hand?

A
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Radial
  • Median
  • Ulnar
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29
Q

Brachial plexus: What are the segments of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Roots
  • Trunks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
  • Branches
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30
Q

Brachial plexus: What phrase can you use to remember the segments of the brachial plexus?

A

Reach To Drink Cold Beer

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31
Q

Brachial plexus: Where does each cord lie?

A

Within the axilla

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32
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: How are the muscles involved in this syndrome?

A
  • Loss of thenar muscle function and muscle mass
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33
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: Primarily involves what nerve?

A
  • Median n.
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34
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: What positive special test on physical exam would make you suspect this syndrome?

A
  • Tinel’s sign
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35
Q

Compartment syndrome: Common sites of compartment syndrome?

A
  • Forearm

- Leg

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36
Q

Compartment syndrome: What are the “6 Ps” of compartment syndrome signs and symptoms?

A
  • Pain out of proportion
  • Paresthesias
  • Passive stretch pain
  • Pulselessness
  • Paralysis
  • Pressure on passive extension of compartment
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37
Q

Cubital fossa: Contents?

A
  • Tendon and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
  • Brachial artery
  • Median nerve
  • Median cubital vein
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38
Q

Cubital fossa: Formed by the joining of what two structures?

A
  • Brachioradialis

- Pronator teres

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39
Q

Deep muscles: Where does teres major insert?

A
  • Intertubercular sulcus
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40
Q

Describe epicondylitis.

A

Epicondylitis is a type of musculoskeletal disorder that refers to an inflammation of an epicondyle. It is caused by repetitive motion.

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41
Q

Describe the anatomical situation involved in the Nursemaid’s elbow.

A
  • Subluxation of the radial head from annular ligament
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42
Q

Describe thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed. This can cause pain in your shoulders and neck and numbness in your fingers.

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43
Q

Elbow ossification centers: Acronym to remember the pertinent structures associated with viewing the elbow ossification centers on plain film radiology?

A
  • CRITOE
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44
Q

Elbow ossification centers: Approximate years at ossification of the capitellum?

A

1 or 2 years

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45
Q

Elbow ossification centers: Approximate years at ossification of the external (lateral) epicondyle?

A

11 or 12 years.

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46
Q

Elbow ossification centers: Approximate years at ossification of the internal (medial) epicondyle?

A

5 or 6 years

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47
Q

Elbow ossification centers: Approximate years at ossification of the olecranon?

A

9 or 10 years

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48
Q

Elbow ossification centers: Approximate years at ossification of the radius?

A

3 or 4 years

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49
Q

Elbow ossification centers: Approximate years at ossification of the trochlea?

A

7 or 8 years

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50
Q

Elbow ossification centers: What does CRITOE stand for?

A
  • C apitulum
  • R adial head
  • I nternal (medial) epicondyle
  • T rochlea
  • O lecranon
  • External (lateral) epicondyle
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51
Q

Elbow ossification centers: What is an ossification center?

A

A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone.

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52
Q

Elbow: What are the pertinent structures at the proximal end of the radius?

A
  • Head of the radius

- Radial tuberosity

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53
Q

Elbow: What are the pertinent structures of the elbow?

A
  • Capitulum
  • Trochlea
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Lateral epicondyle
  • Radius
  • Ulna
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54
Q

Elbow: What are the pertinent structures of the ulna?

A
  • Coronoid process (inferior part of the “C”)
  • Olecranon process (superior portion of the “C”)
  • Styloid process (distal end, next to head of the ulna)
  • Ulnar tuberosity (brachialis)
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55
Q

Elbow: What muscle inserts at the radial tuberosity?

A

Biceps brachii

-(note: radial tuberosity is proximal end, next to radial head

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56
Q

Elbow: What pertinent structures involve the lateral epicondyle?

A
  • Extensor origins
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57
Q

Elbow: What pertinent structures involve the medial epicondyle?

  • ____ origins?
  • which nerve?
A
  • Ulnar nerve (“funny bone” pathology)

- Flexor origins

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58
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Flexor digitorum profundus m. is innervated by what nerve(s)?

A
  • Median n.

- Ulnar n.

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59
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Flexor digitorum superficialis m. is innervated by what nerve(s)?

A
  • Median n.
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60
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Flexor pollicis longus m. is innervated by what nerve(s)?

A
  • Median n.
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61
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Function of the flexor digitorum profundus m.?

A
  • Flexes distal IP joints
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62
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A
  • Flexes proximal IP joints
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63
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Function of the flexor pollicis longus?

A
  • Flexes IP joint of thumb
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64
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Pronator quadratus m. is innervated by what nerve(s)?

A
  • Median n.
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65
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Superficial layer muscles have a common origin from the medial epicondyle. Which muscles are these?

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
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66
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: What muscle(s) compose the intermediate layer of this region?

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
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67
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: What nerve innervates most of this area?

A
  • Mostly median n.
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68
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Which muscle is also known as the “goose egg”?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
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69
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Which muscles are components of the deep layer?

A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Pronator quadratus
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70
Q

Forearm anterior/flexor compartment: Which muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

- (MEDIAL part of)Flexor digitorum profundus

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71
Q

Forearm muscles: What are the posterior extensor muscles of the digits?

A
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor indicis
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72
Q

Forearm muscles: What are the posterior extensor muscles of the thumb (pollicis)?

A
  • Extensor pollicis longus

- Extensor pollicis brevis

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73
Q

Forearm muscles: What are the posterior extensor muscles of the wrist (carpi)?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus

- Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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74
Q

Forearm muscles: What muscle(s) compose the abductor group of the thumb?

A
  • Abductor pollicis longus
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75
Q

Forearm muscles: What muscle(s) compose the anterior flexor groups of the digits?

A
  • Superficial digital flexors

- Profunda digital flexors

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76
Q

Forearm muscles: What muscle(s) compose the anterior flexor groups of the thumb (pollicis)

A
  • Flexor pollicis longus
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77
Q

Forearm muscles: What muscle(s) compose the anterior flexor groups of the wrist (carpi)?

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
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78
Q

Forearm posterior/extension compartment: Muscle(s) that arise from the anconeus/lateral supraepicondylar ridge?

A
  • Brachioradialis

- Extensor carpi radialis longus

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79
Q

Forearm posterior/extension compartment: Muscle(s) that arise from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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80
Q

Forearm posterior/extension compartment: Muscle(s) that compose the deep layer?

A
  • Supinator
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor indici
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81
Q

Forearm posterior/extension compartment: Muscle(s) that compose the superficial layer?

A
    • Brachioradialis
    • Extensor carpi radialis longus
    • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
    • Extensor digitorum
    • Extensor digiti minimi
      • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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82
Q

Forearm posterior/extension compartment: What muscle is in this region but also acts as a flexor?

A
  • Brachioradialis m.

- It is anterior to the elbow and acts as a flexor.

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83
Q

Forearm posterior/extension compartment: What nerve innervates this region?

A
  • Radial nerve
84
Q

Humerus: What are the two “necks” of the humerus?

A
  • Surgical neck

- Anatomic neck

85
Q

Humerus: Where is a fracture likely to occur, at the surgical or anatomical neck?

A

Surgical neck.

86
Q

Imaging: A fracture to what site would produce a “fat pad” sign on X-ray?

A
  • Fracture of the head of the radius
87
Q

Imaging: Complications from a supracondylar fracture?

A
  • The brachial artery can be “bowstringed” over the proximal fragment.
  • Can result in ischemia to anterior (flexor) compartment.
88
Q

Imaging: Describe the common appearance of supracondylar fractures.

A
  • Transverse
  • Distal fragment pulled posteriorly by the triceps
  • Brachial artery can be “bowstringed” over proximal fragment.
89
Q

Imaging: What is a “fat pad” sign?

A

The fat pad sign, also known as the sail sign, is a potential finding on elbow radiography which suggests a fracture of one or more bones at the elbow. It is may indicate an occult fracture that is not directly visible.

90
Q

Median n.: Associated nerve roots?

A
  • C6-T1
91
Q

Median n.: Describe the actions of the forearm innervated by the median n.

A
  • Forearm flexors of wrist and hand

- Forearm pronator

92
Q

Median n.: Describe the actions of the hand innervated by the median n.

A
  • Thumb to finger (three thenar mm.) approximator
93
Q

Median n.: Generalized function of the median nerve?

A
  • Flexor, pronator, thumb to finger approximator
94
Q

Median n.: Provides sensation to what region(s) of what finger(s)?

A
  • Volar surface of the index finger
95
Q

Median n.: There are exceptions to the statement that the median nerve is the “flexor” nerve of the upper extremity. What muscles are the exception and what are those innervated by?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Flexor digitorum profundus of the ring and fifth fingers.
  • Ulnar nerve.
96
Q

Median n.: What is an appropriate test of the hands to test the functionality of the median nerve?

A
  • Thumb to finger approximator and volar tip of index finger

- Make an “O” with thumb and index finger

97
Q

Median n.: Which lumbricals does this nerve innervate? What sign can be produced

A
  • First and second lumbricals
  • TaTa sign
  • The ability to flex the MCP joints at the same time as extending the IP joints.
98
Q

Muscles of the arm: Five muscles of the arm have the word/root “brachi” in them.
What are they?

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachioradialis
  • Triceps brachii
99
Q

Muscles of the arm: Function of the brachialis m.?

A
  • Most powerful flexor of forearm
100
Q

Muscles of the arm: Function of the brachioradialis m.?

A
  • Flexor, humerus to radius.
101
Q

Muscles of the arm: Function of the coracobrachialis?

A
  • Flexor of the arm.
102
Q

Muscles of the arm: Function of the triceps brachii?

A
  • Forearm extensor

- From scapula and humerus to lecranon

103
Q

Muscles of the arm: Innervation of the brachialis m.?

A
  • Musculocutaneous n.
104
Q

Muscles of the arm: Innervation of the brachioradialis m.?

A
  • Radial n. (exception to extensor function of the radial n.)
105
Q

Muscles of the arm: Innervation of the coracobrachialis?

A
  • Musculocutaneous n.
106
Q

Muscles of the arm: Innervation of triceps brachii?

A
  • Radial n.
107
Q

Muscles of the arm: Origin and insertion point of the brachialis m.?

A
  • Humerus to tuberosity of the ulna.
108
Q

Muscles of the arm: Role of the biceps brachii?

A
  • Flexor and supinator of forearm

- “screwdriver” motion

109
Q

Muscles of the arm: What are the two divisions of the biceps brachii?

A
  • Long and short heads
110
Q

Muscles of the arm: What innervates the biceps brachii?

A
  • Musculocutaneous n.
111
Q

Musculocutaneous n.: Associated nerve roots?

A
  • C5 to C7
112
Q

Musculocutaneous n.: Generalized innervation of the arm?

A
  • Flexor of the arm and forearm

- Supinator

113
Q

Musculocutaneous n.: Innervates what muscles?

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
114
Q

Musculocutaneous n.: Provides sensation where?

A
  • Lateral forearm
115
Q

Pronation and supination: What innervates the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous n.

116
Q

Pronation and supination: What innervates the pronator teres m.

A
  • Median n.
117
Q

Pronation and supination: What innervates the quadratus m.?

A
  • Median n.
118
Q

Pronation and supination: What innervates the supinator m.?

A

Radial n.

119
Q

Pronation and supination: What muscle(s) pronate the forearm?

A
  • Pronator teres

- Quadratus

120
Q

Pronation and supination: Which muscle(s) supinate the forearm?

A
  • Biceps brachii m.

- Supinator m.

121
Q

Radial n.: A fracture of the midshaft (surgical neck) of the humerus can damage the radial
n. and what other structures?

A
  • Brachial artery

- Profunda brachi artery

122
Q

Radial n.: Associated nerve root(s)?

A

C5-C8

123
Q

Radial n.: Generalized roles in the innervation of the upper extremity?

A
  • Extensor of forearm, wrist, hand, thumb and digits.

- Supinator

124
Q

Radial n.: Pertinent associated sources of trauma for the radial nerve?

A
  • Saturday night paralysis

- Crutch palsy

125
Q

Radial n.: Physical exam findings for radial nerve injury?

A
  • Wrist drop

- Inability to extend MCP joints and thumb

126
Q

Radial n.: Provides sensation to what structures?

A
  • Dorsal thenar web between thumb and index finger
127
Q

Radial n.: What acronym can you use to remember the role of the radial nerve?

A

BEST

128
Q

Radial n.: What are the three components of the triceps?

A
  • Long head crossing the glenohumeral joint

- Medial and lateral cross the elbow joint (I don’t know guys, this is dumb)

129
Q

Radial n.: What does BEST stand for?

A
  • B rachioradialis
  • E xtensors of wrist, hand, thumb, and digits (MCP)
  • S upinator
  • T riceps
130
Q

Radial n.: What is the exception to the radial nerve being an extensor nerve?

A
  • The brachioradialis m. is a forearm flexor at the elbow.
131
Q

Radiology: What is the best next step when you are in doubt about what you are seeing in an extremity x-ray?

A

Get a comparison view of the opposite extremity.

132
Q

Radius and ulna: Describe a Colle’s fracture.

A

fracture of distal radius with dorsal displacement of distal fragments

133
Q

Radius and ulna: Describe Galleazzi’s fracture.

A

fracture of distal third of radius and subluxation (partial dislocation) of the distal head of the ulna

134
Q

Radius and ulna: Describe Moteggia’s fracture.

A

Fracture of proximal third of ulna and anterior dislocation of the head of the radius at the elbow

135
Q

Radius and ulna: Describe the anatomy that composes the TFCC.

A
  • The articular disc between distal radius, ulna and wrist joint
136
Q

Radius and ulna: (T/F) Tears at the TFCC site are non-painful and could be discovered incidentally.

A
  • False.

- Tears can be painful and troublesome at this area.

137
Q

Radius and ulna: (T/F) The hand articulates primarily with the ulna.

A
  • False.

- The radius.

138
Q

Radius and ulna: (T/F) They often function in trauma as “one” bone meaning that if one is broken there is a good chance the other is broken or dislocated.

A

True.

139
Q

Radius and ulna: What does TFCC stand for?

A
  • Triangular fibrocartilage complex.
140
Q

Radius and ulna: What is the function of the TFCC?

A
  • Stabilizes the radio-ulnar joint
141
Q

Rotator cuff: What does “SITS” stand for?

A
  • Supraspinatus m.
  • Infraspinatus m.
  • Teres m.
  • Subscapularis m.
142
Q

Rotator cuff: What innervates the infraspinatus m.?

A
  • Suprascapular n.
143
Q

Rotator cuff: What innervates the subscapularis m.?

A
  • Superior and inferior subscapularis n.
144
Q

Rotator cuff: What innervates the supraspinatus m.?

A

Suprascapular n. (0-30 degree nerve)

145
Q

Rotator cuff: What innervates the teres minor m.?

A
  • Axillary n.
146
Q

Rotator cuff: What is the SIT tubercle?

A
  • The greater tubercle
147
Q

Rotator cuff: What mnemonic is associated with the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

SITS muscles

148
Q

Rotator cuff: What muscles of the SITS muscle group inserts on the greater tubercle?

A
  • Supraspinatus m.
  • Infraspinatus m.
  • Teres minor m.
149
Q

Rotator cuff: Where does the subscapularis m. insert?

A
  • Lesser tubercle of the humerus.
150
Q

Shoulder joint: Describe the ligamentum nuchae

A
  • The ligamentum nuchae is a large median ligament composed of tendons and fascia located between the posterior muscles of the neck. It covers the spines of C1 to C6 vertebrae.
  • It is a superior and posterior extension of the supraspinous ligament. It rises from the spinous process of C7 to the inion of the occipital bone, attaching all the posterior tips of the spinous processes in between.
  • It is thick and strong, limiting hyperflexion of the neck.
151
Q

Shoulder joint: Describe the presentation of a patient who would have paralysis of the long thoracic n.

A
  • Paralysis causes winging of the scapula.
152
Q

Shoulder joint: Is the deltoid referenced as a deep or superficial muscle?

A

Superficial

153
Q

Shoulder joint: Origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • O: Iliac crest

- I: Bicipital groove of the humorus

154
Q

Shoulder joint: The axillary nerve is known for its role in abducting the shoulder. For this reason it is also called the…

A

“30 plus degree nerve”

155
Q

Shoulder joint: What are medical procedures associated with damaging the long thoracic n.?

A
  • Axillary node dissections

- Deep abscess drainage

156
Q

Shoulder joint: What innervates the deltoid m.?

A
  • Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
157
Q

Shoulder joint: What innervates the latissimus dorsi m.?

A
  • Thoracodorsal n.
158
Q

Shoulder joint: What innervates the serratus anterior?

A
  • Long thoracic n.
159
Q

Shoulder joint: What is/are the anterior muscle(s) that stabilize the shoulder joint?

A
  • Pectoralis major

- Pectoralis minor

160
Q

Shoulder joint: What is/are the lateral muscle(s) that stabilize the shoulder joint?

A
  • Deltoid m.
161
Q

Shoulder joint: What is the role of the deltoid in terms of abduction?

A
  • Abducts arm beyond 25-30 degrees.
162
Q

Shoulder joint: What muscle is also known as the “shoulder shrugger”?

A
  • Trapezius m.
163
Q

Shoulder joint: What muscle is known as the “Boxer’s muscle”?

A
  • Serratus anterior
164
Q

Shoulder joint: What muscle(s) have a role best known as assistant shoulder shrugger(s)?

A
  • Rhomboid major

- Rhomboid minor m

165
Q

Shoulder joint: What muscle(s) stabilize the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint?

A
  • Trapezius m.
  • Rhomboid major m.
  • Rhomboid minor m.
  • Latissimus dorsi
166
Q

Shoulder joint: What provides motor innervation to the trapezius muscle?

A
  • CN XI
167
Q

Shoulder joint: What provides sensory innervation to the trapezius muscle?

A
  • C3-4
168
Q

Shoulder joint: Which muscle is the “climbing muscle”?

A
  • Latissimus dorsi m.
169
Q

Shoulder: The axillary nerve derives from what part of the brachial plexus?

A

The cords

170
Q

Shoulder: The brachial plexus gives rise to which nerves within the shoulder?

A
  • Long thoracic n.
  • Suprascapular n.
  • Flexor n.
  • Extensor n.
  • Axillary n.
  • Pectoral n.
  • Thoracodorsal n.
171
Q

Shoulder: The extensor nerves are derived from what part of the brachial plexus?

A
  • The posterior divisions.
172
Q

Shoulder: The flexor nerves are derived from what part of the brachial plexus?

A

The anterior divisions

173
Q

Shoulder: The long thoracic nerve derives from what part of the brachial plexus?

A

The roots

174
Q

Shoulder: The pectoral nerve derives from what part of the brachial plexus?

A

The cords

175
Q

Shoulder: The suprascapular nerve derives from what part of the brachial plexus?

A

The trunks

176
Q

Shoulder: The thoracodorsal nerve derives from what part of the brachial plexus?

A

The cords

177
Q

Shoulder: What are the nerves that travel through the shoulder?

A
  • CN XI

- Brachial plexus

178
Q

Ulnar n.: Associated nerve roots?

A
  • C8-T1
179
Q

Ulnar n.: Describe the action of the interossei m.

A
  • Arise from shaft of metacarpal bones.
  • Flex MCP and extend interphalangeal joints.

Know:

  • each finger has 2 interossei mm’s (all ulnar nerve)
  • Palmar interossei–>adduct the fingers

-dorsal interossei- ABDUCT fingers

DAB PAD (dorsal abducts, palmar adducts)

180
Q

Ulnar n.: Describe the anatomy of the “funny bone.”

A
  • “Funny bone” is in the cubital tunnel.

- Ganglia of Guyon’s canal can encroach on ulnar n. at volar wrist and cause loss of motor and sensory function.

181
Q

Ulnar n.: General function?

A
  • Finger spreader nerve
  • Assistant flexor muscle
  • Intrinsic mm innervation of the hand.
182
Q

Ulnar n.: Innervation of what lumbricals? Allow the patient to produce what sign?

A
  • Lumbricals are innervated by the Ulnar n for the medial two fingers, and Median n for lateral two fingers.
  • The Interossei are innervated by the Ulnar n.–> The result is the ability to hold a pea – the “TaaTaa” Sign
  • Ability to flex the MCP joints at the same time as extending the IP joints.
183
Q

Ulnar n.: What muscles are innervated that allow for motor and sensory function in the fourth and fifth finger.

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

- (MEDIAL part of) Flexor digitorum profundus.

184
Q

Upper limb: Innervation via the Brachial plexus occurs from which nerve roots?

A

C5 - T1

185
Q

Upper limb: The anterior branches innervate flexion or extension?

A

Flexion

186
Q

Upper limb: The posterior branches innervate flexion or extension?

A

extension

187
Q

Upper limb: Which nerve root(s) are responsible for extension of the forearm?

A

C7

188
Q

Upper limb: Which nerve root(s) are responsible for flexion of the fingers?

A

C8

189
Q

Upper limb: Which nerve root(s) are responsible for flexion of the forearm?

A

C6

190
Q

Upper limb: Which nerve root(s) innervate proximal upper limb muscles and sensory to lateral upper arm?

A

C5

191
Q

Upper limb: Which nerve root(s) innervate(s) the hand muscles and sensory to medial forearm to little finger?

A

T1

192
Q

Veins: The basilic vein becomes what vein?

A

Axillary vein

193
Q

Veins: The cephalic vein joins at the

___ fossa.

A

clavipectoral

194
Q

Where do the extensors of the wrist and fingers originate?

A
  • Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
195
Q

Where do the flexors of the wrist and fingers originate?

A
  • Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
196
Q

Wrist and hand bones: How many carpal rows are there?

A

Two

197
Q

Wrist and hand bones: Name them based off of the mnemonic “So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb”

A
  • S caphoid
  • L unate
  • T riquetrium
  • P isiform
  • H amate
  • C apitate
  • T rapezoid
  • T rapezium
198
Q

Wrist and hand bones: Name them based off of the mnemonic “Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle”

A
  • S caphoid.
  • L unate.
  • T riquetrum.
  • P isiform.
  • T rapezium.
  • T rapezoid.
  • C apitate.
  • H amate.
199
Q

Wrist and hand bones: The carpal arch and flexor retinaculum are structures associated with what?

A
  • The carpal tunnel
200
Q

Wrist and hand bones: The pisiform is the sesamoid bone associated with what muscle?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
201
Q

Wrist and hand bones: Ununited fractures of the scaphoid can lead to what conditions (other than avascular necrosis)?

A
  • Chronic pain

- Arthritis

202
Q

Wrist and hand bones: What critical condition needs to be considered when you are dealing with a scaphoid fracture?

A

Avascular necrosis

203
Q

Wrist and hand bones: What is a mnemonic to help you remember the hands of the bone?

A
  • So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb (or)

- Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

204
Q

Wrist and hand bones: What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing a scaphoid injury?

A

MRI

205
Q

Wrist and hand bones: Why does avascular necrosis occur?

A
  • Blood supply of the scaphoid is from the radial artery
  • Artery enters the distal scaphoid then the proximal scaphoid.
  • Thus, a fracture in the mid-part of the scaphoid that is not treated properly can result in loss of blood supply to the proximal scaphoid.
206
Q

You’re doing so well.

A

Even when it doesn’t feel like it.

Onward.

Anatomy- semester 2 (8 decks)

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