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Hesi A2 > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have a decrease sensation in?

A

The arm

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2
Q

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

A

Hyoid bone

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3
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the endocrine glands?

A

They secrete chemicals into the blood

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4
Q

Diet is important because bones are storage places for?

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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5
Q

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?

A

Urethra

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6
Q

What structure conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

A

Ureter

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7
Q

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?

A

Carrot and Squash

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8
Q

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

A

Palms of the hand facing anterior

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9
Q

Which structure is a ball and socket joint?

A

Shoulder

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10
Q

Which anatomical structure houses malleus, incus, and stapes?

A

Skull ear

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11
Q

What are like cells grouped together called?

A

Tissue

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12
Q

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

A

Popliteal Artery

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13
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete

A

Ear wax

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14
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge joint

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15
Q

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when ADH hormone is secreted?

A

Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate

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16
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes?

A

Blood clotting

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17
Q

Which muscles of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the slide surface of the lower extremity?

A

Vastus lateralis

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18
Q

Which structure is located on the sternum?

A

Xiphoid process

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19
Q

Two principles division that make up the nervous system?

A

The Peripheral (PNS) and The Central (CNS)

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20
Q

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

A

Protein

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21
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers

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22
Q

What are fingerprints made of?

A

Friction ridges

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23
Q

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?

A

Pelvic region

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24
Q

Which one increases angle at the joint?

A

Extensor

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25
Q

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bone of facial and cranial

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26
Q

What makes up most of plasma?

A

Water

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27
Q

Heart with the largest layer?

A

Left ventricle

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28
Q

Distal convoluted tubule works with what hormone?

A

ADH

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29
Q

What muscle extends knee and stabilizes it ?

A

Vastus Lateralis

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30
Q

Which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth?

A

The Endocrine system

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31
Q

What carries blood from the body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen and waste?

A

Capillaries

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32
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the side surface of the lower extremity?

A

Vastus Lateralis

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33
Q

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

A

Hemoglobin

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34
Q

Which gland is the master gland?

A

Pituitary Gland

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35
Q

A sprain occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

A

Ligaments

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36
Q

Aqueous humor is a watery fluid in which part of the body?

A

The eye

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37
Q

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Vein

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38
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

A

Temporal lobe

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39
Q

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

A

Cochlea

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40
Q

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

A

Fallopian tubes

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41
Q

Where is the tubialis anterior muscle located?

A

Lower leg

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42
Q

The mitral valve is located between what structures?

A

Left atrium and Left ventricle

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43
Q

What are the vessels that carry blood from the body to the heart?

A

Vena Cava

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44
Q

Hormones that are produced by the ovaries?

A

Progesterone and Estrogen

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45
Q

Plane that divides the body into right and left sides?

A

Sagittarius Plane

46
Q

The Orthopedic Surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What is he describing?

A

The Epiphysis

47
Q

Which term is used to describe movement of the arm and legs away from the midline of the body?

A

Abduction

48
Q

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

A

Carotid Artery

49
Q

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Oxytocin

50
Q

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

A

Carry Oxygen

51
Q

What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?

A

Rise in CO2 and fall in O2

52
Q

Which condition causes a client to say “I can’t see far away.”?

A

Nearsightedness

53
Q

What is the outermost protective layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

54
Q 
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermidius
Are muscles of the what?
A

Quadricep Femoris

55
Q

What is the name of the soft spot on the babies head?

A

Fontanelle

56
Q

A boxer gets hit and ends up getting a deviated septum?

A

Vomer

57
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Fallopian Tubes

58
Q

What are the types of tissues?

A

Muscle
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous

59
Q

Cellular contact is important for?

A

Wound healing

60
Q

Most abundant tissue in the body?

A

Connective tissue

61
Q

Name the division of the skeletal system that included the head, thorax,vertebral column, ribs and sternum?

A

Axial Skeleton

62
Q

How many bones are in the Appendicular skeleton?

A

126

63
Q

Name the division of the skeletal system that includes the shoulders, hips and extremities.

A

Appendicular Skeleton

64
Q

How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton?

A

80

65
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

26

66
Q

The digestive tube that consists of the mouth,pharynx, esophagus,stomach,small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

A

Alimentary Canal

67
Q

The smallest type of arteries

A

Arterioles

68
Q

A ball of food that is formed after the food is broken down the teeth and saliva

A

Bonus

69
Q

The basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs

A

Cell

70
Q

The part of the brain responsible for muscular of acceleration

A

Cerebellum

71
Q

The layer of skin that consists of the outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells.

A

Epidermis

72
Q

The part of the brain associated with movement and sensory input

A

Cerebrum

73
Q

The soupy substance that is created by the stomach churning and mixing the bolus food mass

A

Chyme

74
Q

Muscles under conscious control

A

Voluntary muscles

75
Q

An element of blood that is active in the process of blood clotting

A

Platelets

76
Q

View toward the back

A

Posterior

77
Q

A hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, which further stimulates development of the endometrium

A

Progesterone

78
Q

Term of direction usually used in reference to limbs, meaning closer to the point of attachment

A

Proximal

79
Q

Small units that make up myofibrils,which make up each muscle cell

A

Sarcomeres

80
Q

View from above

A

Superior

81
Q

Muscles that work in cooperation with the prime mover muscle

A

Synergist

82
Q

The type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction; each daughter cell receives the haploid number of chromosomes

A

Meiosis

83
Q

The process in which DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells.

A

Mitosis

84
Q

Type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells; phases include prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

A

Mitosis

85
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A 
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
86
Q

Connective tissue cells in nerve tissue

A

Neuralgia

87
Q

The cells that form compact bone

A

Osteoblasts

88
Q

Away from the midline or toward the sides

A

Lateral

89
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

90
Q

View toward the midline

A

Medial

91
Q

The part of the brain that controls many vital functions such as respiration and heart rate.

A

Medulla Oblongata

92
Q

The special cell division that takes place in the gonads ( the ovaries and testes). In the process of _______ the chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23, so when the egg and the sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number chromosomes.

A

Meiosis

93
Q

View from above

A

Inferior

94
Q

The stalk that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

Infudibulum

95
Q

The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells.

A

Internal Respiration

96
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

97
Q

Any of several major female sex hormones produced primarily by the ovarian follicles of female mammals, capable of inducing estrus, developing and maintaining secondary female sex characteristics, and preparing the uterus for the reception of a fertilized egg.

A

Estrogen

98
Q

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli

A

External Respiration

99
Q

Blood cell formation

A

Hemopoiesis

100
Q

The study of tissues

A

Histology

101
Q

The layer of skin that consists of the underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures.

A

Dermis

102
Q

Term of direction usually used in reference to limbs________ means farther away from the point of attachment

A

Distal

103
Q

The main function of the _______ system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes. The heart pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood on different sides ?

A

Circulatory

104
Q

What system works to support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals?

A

Skeletal system

105
Q

What system functions to break down and absorbs nutrients from the food and liquids that you consume to use for important things like energy, growth and repairing cells?

A

Digestive System

106
Q

What system provides movement of the body and its parts, maintains posture, generates heat and stabilizes joints?

A

Muscular System

107
Q

What system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body. It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning and memory. Together with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis?

A

Nervous System

108
Q

What system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood?

A

Respiratory System

109
Q

What systems main function is to regulate short-term and long-term activities by sending hormones throughout the body?

A

Endocrine System

110
Q

What system main function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by product?

A

Urinary System

Hesi A2 (5 decks)

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