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Anatomy exam 3 > Anatomy chapter 12 quiz > Flashcards

Anatomy chapter 12 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system controls the activity of muscles and glands. Muscles and glands can generate changes and are therefore called

A

effectors

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2
Q

Which is not a general function of the nervous system?
Transporting materials throughout the body

Collecting information

Processing and evaluating information

Responding to information

No exceptions; all are general functions of the nervous system.

A

Transporting materials throughout the body

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3
Q

The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the _____ division.

A

Sensory

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4
Q

The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses is the ___________ division.

A

somatic

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5
Q

A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n) __________ neuron.

A

autonomic motor

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6
Q

Which is not characteristic of neurons?

High mitotic rate

High metabolic rate

Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen

Extreme longevity

No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons.

A

High Mitotic rate

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7
Q

Which statement is consistent with the current understanding of neural tissue?

A person is born with all of the neurons they will ever have.

Most neurons formed in fetal development last a lifetime, but some brain regions in adults can generate new neurons.

Neurons are constantly dying and being replaced throughout all regions of the brain.

Stem cells in the brain become glia, which can later become neurons if there is a need for them to do so.

A

most neurons formed in fetal development last a lifetime, but some brain regions in adults can generate new neurons

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8
Q

Where are synaptic knobs located?

At the distal ends of an axons

At the ends of dendrites

Within the cell body

Along axon collaterals

At the axon hillock

A

At the distal ends of an axon

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9
Q

What structures extend into the axon and dendrite of a neuron to provide tensile strength?

Motor filaments

Nissl bodies

Telodendria

Neurofibrils

Collateral fibers

A

Neurofibrils

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10
Q

Vesicles and glycoproteins required at the synapse are moved down a nerve fiber by _______ axonal transport.

fast

slow

A

fast

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11
Q

Based on function, the vast majority of neurons are

sensory neurons.

motor neurons.

unipolar neurons.

bipolar neurons.

interneurons.

A

interneurons

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12
Q

A bipolar neuron has

two axons extending from the cell body.

two dendrites extending from the cell body.

one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body.

a single short process that extends from the cell body and then splits into a peripheral and a central branch.

A

one axon and one dendrite extending from the body

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13
Q

A mixed nerve is one that contains both

cranial and spinal nerve fibers.

sensory and motor neurons.

unipolar and bipolar neurons.

an endoneurium and an epineurium.

presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

A

sensory and motor neurons

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14
Q

Most commonly, a synapse is made between a

presynaptic neuron’s dendrite and a postsynaptic membrane’s cell body.

presynaptic neuron’s axon and a postsynaptic neuron’s dendrite.

presynaptic neuron’s axon hillock and a postsynaptic neuron’s cell body.

presynaptic neuron’s soma and a postsynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob.

A

presynaptic neurons axon and a postsynaptic neurons dendrite

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15
Q

Electrical synapses involve coupling of neurons by

synaptic clefts.

desmosomes.

gap junctions.

satellite cells.

A

gap junctions

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16
Q

Glial cells differ from neurons in that they

are larger and capable of meiosis.

are smaller and capable of mitosis.

are found only in the CNS.

are found only in the PNS.

transmit nerve impulses much more slowly.

A

are smaller and capable of mitosis

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17
Q

The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the

astrocyte.

ependymal cell.

neurolemmocyte.

microglial cell.

oligodendrocyte.

A

ependymal cell

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18
Q

The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is the

astrocyte.

ependymal cell.

neurolemmocyte.

microglial cell.

oligodendrocyte.

A

astrocyte

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19
Q

The glial cell that defends the body against pathogens is the

astrocyte.

ependymal cell.

neurolemmocyte.

microglial cell.

oligodendrocyte.

A

microglial cell

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20
Q

The glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS is the

astrocyte.

ependymal cell.

neurolemmocyte.

microglial cell.

oligodendrocyte.

A

astrocyte

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21
Q

The glial cell with the responsibility of occupying the space left by dead or dying neurons is the

astrocyte.

ependymal cell.

neurolemmocyte.

microglial cell.

oligodendrocyte.

A

astrocyte

22
Q

The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to

the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.

their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage.

their proximity to white bone.

the white color of the perivascular feet.

the covering of ependymal cells.

A

the high lipid content of the myelin sheath

23
Q

Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte?

Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.

An oligodendrocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.

Oligodendrocytes function only within the PNS.

Each oligodendrocyte can wrap only a 1-mm portion of a single axon.

A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

A

each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously

24
Q

Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along

myelinated axons.

dendrites.

unmyelinated axons.

axons in the PNS.

axons in the CNS.

A

unmyelinated axons

25
Q

Which division of the nervous system shows a greater capacity for regeneration?

CNS

PNS

A

PNS

26
Q

Wallerian degeneration involves the breakdown of

the segments of axon and myelin sheath between the site of damage and the peripheral effector.

the segments of axon and myelin sheath between the site of damage and the cell body.

the neurilemma both central and peripheral to the site of trauma.

macrophages and microglia that have completed the job of CNS cleanup after trauma.

A

The segments of axon and myelin sheath between the site of damage and the peripheral effector

27
Q

Which choice correctly orders the connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer?

Perineurium → epineurium → endoneurium

Perineurium → endoneurium → epineurium

Epineurium → perineurium → endoneurium

Epineurium → endoneurium → perineurium

Endoneurium → perineurium → epineurium

A

epineurium –> perineurium –> endoneurium

28
Q

The epineurium is composed of

dense regular connective tissue.

simple squamous epithelium.

dense irregular connective tissue.

areolar connective tissue.

pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.

A

dense irregular connective tissue

29
Q

The type of voltage-gated channel that possesses an inactivation gate that temporarily closes after the channel is active is the

voltage-gated potassium channel.

voltage-gated sodium channel.

voltage-gated calcium channel.

voltage-gated chloride channel.

A

voltage-gated sodium channel

30
Q

The electrochemical gradient refers to

the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A

the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas

31
Q

The separation of oppositely charged ionic particles across a resting neuron’s membrane results in a potential that is measured as a

current.

voltage.

conductance.

resistance.

A

voltage

32
Q

If there were no sodium leak channels, the resting membrane potential of a neuron would be

more negative.

more positive.

the same.

0 mV.

A

more negative

33
Q

A depolarization is when the inside of a neuron becomes _______________ the resting membrane potential.

more negative than

less negative than

closer to

A

less negative

34
Q

A graded potential is one that

is all or none (always the same intensity).

travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

A

varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus)

34
Q

A graph of an EPSP would plot time against a voltage trace that would resemble

a hill where the high point approaches the threshold value.

a hill where the high point is the farthest away from the threshold value.

a valley where the low point approaches the threshold value.

a valley where the low point is the farthest away from the threshold value.

A

a hill where the high point approaches the threshold value

35
Q

When multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitter at various locations onto the postsynaptic neuron at the same time, this results in

suprathreshold hyperpolarization.

temporal summation.

spatial summation.

several action potentials.

A

spatial summation

36
Q

Which occurs first?

Absolute refractory period

Relative refractory period

A

absolute refractory period

36
Q

When voltage-gated K+ channels open on the conductive segment of a neuron,

potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A

potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value

37
Q

When a nerve impulse reaches the transmissive segment of a neuron,

calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

calcium is immediately pumped out of the neuron and vesicles of neurotransmitter undergo phagocytosis.

A

calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis

38
Q

In a myelinated axon, the greatest concentration of voltage-gated ion channels is in the

myelinated regions.

neurofibril nodes.

A

neurofibrils nodes

39
Q

The slowest category of nerve fibers are the

A fibers, and they conduct impulses at 10 meters per second.

C fibers, and they conduct impulses at 1 meter per second.

D fibers, and they conduct impulses at 0.1 meter per second.

C fibers, and they conduct impulses at 100 meters per second.

D fibers, and they conduct impulses at 0.01 meter per second.

A

c fibers they conduct impulses at 1 meter per second

40
Q

Catecholamines are a subtype of __________ neurotransmitter.

acetylcholine

neuropeptide

monoamine

amino acid

soluble gas

A

monoamine

41
Q

The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is

glutamate.

valine.

GABA.

serotonin.

serine.

A

GABA

42
Q

As an axon approaches the cell onto which it will terminate, it generally branches repeatedly into several

teloaxons.

dendrites.

collateral axons.

telodendria.

neurolemmocytes.

A

telodendria

43
Q

There are two types of synapses, based on mode of communication. What are they?

Mechanical and chemical

Magnetic and physical

Physical and chemical

Chemical and electrical

Mechanical and electrical

A

chemical and electrical

44
Q

Billions of CNS interneurons are grouped in complex patterns called neuronal

networks.

complexes.

pools.

meshes.

webs.

A

pools

45
Q

The type of neuronal circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron is a _____________ circuit.

converging

diverging

reverberating

parallel-after-discharge

None of the choices is correct.

A

converging

46
Q

What type of circuit would you use to solve a higher-order mathematical problem?

Converging

Diverging

Reverberating

Parallel-after-discharge

None of the choices is correct.

A

parallel after discharge

47
Q

You walk into a restaurant and amidst the sights, sounds, and smells of food preparation, you notice that you have begun to salivate. This is evidence that a particular neuronal circuit has been activated. Which one?

Converging

Diverging

Reverberating

Parallel-after-discharge

None of the choices is correct.

A

converging

48
Q

Neural stem cells in the CNS

have no known function.

can only form glial cells.

can form new neurons throughout the CNS.

can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus.

can migrate to the PNS as needed.

A

can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus.

Anatomy exam 3 (4 decks)

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