Anatomy Chapter 19 : The Reproductive System

Question 1

What is the process by which a single cell duplicates its genetic material?

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

Our genetic material is passed
One generation to the new via?

Answer 2

Reproduction

Question 3

Sex cells join in the process of __________ to produce a ________

Answer 3

fertilization, zygote (fertilized egg)

Question 4

_______ is a reduction division of the genetic material. After _____, sperm have ___ chromosomes, eggs have ___ chromosomes, and when they combine, the zygote has ____
chromosomes.

Answer 4

Meiosis, 23, 23, 46

Question 5

The zygote will develop into an ____ in the uterus of the female and grow by the process of mitosis into a ____

Answer 5

zygote, fetus

Question 6

Purpose of reproduction?

Answer 6

To produce offspring and ensure the perpetuation of the human species.

Question 7

Primary sex organs in males, then females.

Answer 7

testis, ovaries

Question 8

What is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 8

Consists of loose skin that regulates the temperature of sperm. The testes produce sperm and male hormones. For the sperm to be functional it has to maintain a temperature 3 degrees lower than the body temp. The scrotum enables this with the cremaster muscle that controls the scrotal sac elevation.

Question 9

The testes are covered in a dense layer of white fibrous connective tissue called?

Answer 9

tunica albuginea, which divides into lobules. Each lobule contains 1-3 tightly coiled convoluted seminiferous tubules.

Question 10

Define spermatogenesis.

Answer 10

Production of sperm by seminiferous tubules. Immature sperm cells begin to divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells called primary spermatocytes.

Question 11

What produces secretions that supply nutrients for the developing spermatozoa?

Answer 11

Sertoli cells

Question 12

The clusters of ______________________
produce the male sex hormone testosterone.

Answer 12

interstitial cells of Leydig

Question 13

Spermatozoa, ___________, are produced at a rate of about ____ million per day. They live _____ in the female reproductive tract.

Answer 13

mature sperm cells, 300, 48 hrs.

Question 14

The 3 sections of the sperm…

Answer 14

head, middle piece, tail

Question 15

The head of a sperm cell contains

Answer 15

genetic material and acrosome

Question 16

The middle piece of a sperm cell contains

Answer 16

mitochondria and produces ATP

Question 17

The tail consists of

Answer 17

the flagellum, moves the cell.

Question 18

Function of testosterone.

Answer 18

Controls development, growth and maintenance of male sex organs.

Question 19

The _____ is where the sperm cells mature. The tube is ___ long and takes the sperm about ___ to move through it.

Answer 19

epididymis, 20 ft long, 20 days.

Question 20

After the epididymis follows the _________. This tube is enclosed by connective tissue, _____, and _______

Answer 20

ductus deferens, nerves, blood vessels

Question 21

How is a vasectomy performed and what is it’s effect?

Answer 21

Incision in the scrotal sac to cut the vas deferens. Testes produce sperm but it can’t move out of the body so it dies, eventually reabsorbed by the body.

Question 22

Path of the urethra in a male.

Answer 22

Through prostate gland, urogenital diaphragm, and the penis.

Question 23

3 parts of the urethra.

Answer 23

prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra

Question 23

Accessory glands produce

Answer 23

liquid part of semen

Question 24

seminal vesicles produce ____semen
prostate gland secretes: ___of semen and ___________

Answer 24

60%
13-33% and activates sperm to swim

Question 25

The penis structure.

Answer 25

Shaft with enlarged distal end called the glans penis. The loose skin covering the head is called prepuce/foreskin.

Question 25

The bulbourethral glands, also called ______, secrete mucus which functions ______

Answer 25

Cowper’s glands, lubricant agent to clean urethra and traces of urine

Question 26

Describe semen.

Answer 26

Mixture of sperm cells and secretions of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. Fructose sugar causes it to be white, and creamy.

Question 27

Function of semi plasmin.

Answer 27

Destroys certain bacteria in female reproductive tract.

Question 28

What is an erection?

Answer 28

Engorgement of blood in penis penetrate vagina stimulated by hormones.

Question 29

Effects of enlarged prostate gland

Answer 29

Constricts urethra, kidney damage, and bladder infections