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A&P > Anatomy Final > Flashcards

Anatomy Final Flashcards

1
Q

Laparoscope

A

Endoscope used to examine abdominal cavity

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2
Q

Pancreas location?

A

Abdomen

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3
Q

Where are adrenal glands located?

A

Above kidneys

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4
Q

Heart block

A

Electrical impulse cannot pass through heart

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5
Q

Atelectasis

A

Alveoli are partially or totally collapsed

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6
Q

When systemic blood pressure has increased, what protective measures do the kidneys take?

A

Vasoconstriction

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7
Q

What region contains coarse nasal hairs?

A

Vestibular

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8
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Secretes Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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9
Q

Eosinophil

A

Active during parasitic infection

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10
Q

Most common cause of SIADH?

A

Traumatic brain injury

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11
Q

Name of condition in which body is not producing enough insulin?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

What stimulates uterus to contract?

A

Oxytocin

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13
Q

Unique markers that allow the immune system to distinguish between cells that are yours and are not yours

A

Antigens

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14
Q

BUN measures

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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15
Q

Release chemicals to promote inflammation

A

Basophils and mast cells

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16
Q

Liver breaks down glycogen into…

A

Glucose

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17
Q

Why does blood loss damage the kidneys?

A

Tissue damage due to decreased blood flow

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18
Q

Not a taste that tongue can detect

A

Spicy

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19
Q

Which of the three sections of the pharynx conducts air, food, and liquid?

A

Oropharynx

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20
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Produced by post. pit. Decreases urination

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21
Q

Most common blood type amongst Americans

A

A

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22
Q

Mastoiditis can lead to brain infections

A

True

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23
Q

Histamines

A

Secreted by mast cells

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24
Q

Anvil

A

Between malleus and stapes

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25
Q

Purpose of culture and sensitivity testing is

A

Testing drug sensitivity of pathogens

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26
Q

What you can breathe beyond normal inspiration

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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27
Q

Bicuspids or_____ are type of transitional teeth

A

Premolars

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28
Q

What is a visceral sense?

A

Hunger

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29
Q

How many hours does it take for the stomach to empty?

A

4

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30
Q

When a patient is experiencing a fever, the _____ resets body’s temp set point.

A

Hypothalamus

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31
Q

Red

A

Serum/chemistry

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32
Q

CBC included

A

Platelets, hematocrit, RBC, WBC

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33
Q

What prevents blood from shooting into left atrium upon ventricular contraction

A

Mitral valve

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34
Q

Discuss how childbirth is an example of positive feedback.

A

The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin which increases the rate of contraction of the uterus. The pituitary keeps pumping it out and the uterus contracts harder and harder until the baby is out.

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35
Q

Milk ejection hormone

A

Oxytocin

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36
Q

Another name for left atrioventricular valve

A

Bicuspid

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37
Q

Where do lymphocytes originate?

A

Red bone marrow

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38
Q

WBC that defends the body against parasites

A

Eosinophil

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39
Q

Symptom of kidney stones

A

Blood in urine

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40
Q

Produces a hormone that increases lymphocyte production in children

A

Thymus

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41
Q

Nerve that make stomach move

A

Vagus

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42
Q

Cytokines

A

Immune stimulating chemical released by immune cells or damaged tissue

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43
Q

Target organ for glucagon

A

Liver

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44
Q

Body rid of excess tears

A

Drain into nose

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45
Q

Chronic conjunctivitis is caused by

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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46
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantations of embryo in wrong place

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47
Q

Process of gas exchange between air and blood is called

A

External respiration

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48
Q

Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

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49
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Recycling fluids lost from cardiovascular system, transporting pathogens to lymph nodes where they can be destroyed, storing and maturing some types of WBC, helps with absorbing fats

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50
Q

What causes color blindness

A

Genes on x chromosome that cause abnormal pigments in the cones

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51
Q

Specific type of hormone called _____ has ability to interact directly with cell’s DNA.

A

Steroids

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52
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from low ion to high ion concentration

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53
Q

Prednisone mimics hormones secreted by

A

Adrenal gland

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54
Q

The ____ humor occupies the entire eye cavity behind lens

A

Vitreous

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55
Q

Lavender

A

Hematology

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56
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Narrowing of arteries

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57
Q

Myopia

A

Near sightedness

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58
Q

Increased pressure of fluid in eye

A

Glaucoma

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59
Q

Basophils

A

Release chemical to promote inflammation

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60
Q

Diabetes mellitus may lead to

A

Retinopathy

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61
Q

Progesterone

A

Maintains buildup of endometrium

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62
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers

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63
Q

Three sections of pharynx

A

Nasopharnx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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64
Q

Blood leaves kidneys hilum via the…

A

Renal vein

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65
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

A

Arteries

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66
Q

Cushing’s causes weight….

Graves causes weight ….

A

Gain, loss

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67
Q

Lacrimal glands are endocrine glands

A

False

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68
Q

Formation of stones or calculus in gallbladder

A

Cholelithiasis

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69
Q

Cones

A

Photoreceptors active in bright light

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70
Q

Universal donor

A

Type O

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71
Q

What hormones not affected by hypopituitarism?

A

Oxytocin

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72
Q

Vocal cords are located in

A

Larynx

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73
Q

HIV targets

A

Helper t-cells

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74
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot

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75
Q

What point is a developing human referred to as a fetus?

A

Eight weeks after fertilization until birth

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76
Q

Which cranial nerve transmits from cochlea and semicircular canal to brain

A

Cranial nerve 8

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77
Q

Non reversible lung condition in which alveolar air sacs are destroyed and lung becomes “floppy”

A

Emphysema

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78
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit of kidneys

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79
Q

How is insulin controlled?

A

Negative feedback

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80
Q

Prolactin

A

Increases milk production

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81
Q

Which hormone antagonizes glucagon

A

Insulin

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82
Q

Bony labyrinth in ear is another name for

A

Inner ear

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83
Q

Fight parasites

A

Eosinophils

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84
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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85
Q

Rods

A

Active in dim light

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86
Q

What starts breaking down in the mouth due to saliva?

A

Starches

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87
Q

Function of ossicles

A

Amplification of sounds waves in middle ear

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88
Q

Where are olfactory receptors

A

Top of nasal cavity

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89
Q

Name of structure that separates lower chambers of heart

A

Interventricular septum

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90
Q

Function of muscles surrounding lens of eye

A

Alter shape of lens, making it thinner or thicker

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91
Q

Complex series of reactions that activate a series of plasma proteins that are usually inactive in blood

A

Complement cascade

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92
Q

Voice box is clinically known as

A

Larynx

93
Q

____ steroids are a class of molecules that cause an increase in muscle mass

A

Anabolic

94
Q

Milk production hormone

A

Prolactin

95
Q

Biological increase in body temperature due to infection represents

A

Innate immunity

96
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Adrenaline. Increases duration of SNS

97
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of ions and solutes from high to low concentration

98
Q

Gray

A

Glucose testing/alcohol/chemistry

99
Q

What does serotonin do?

A

Vasoconstrict

100
Q

Abnormally high BUN is usually a sign of

A

Kidney disease

101
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness brought on by age

102
Q

Hematocrit

A

of RBC’s in specific volume

103
Q

Noninvasive treatment to break up kidney stones

A

Lithotripsy

104
Q

Bone attached to tympanic membrane is hammer or

A

Malleus

105
Q

Presbyopia

A

Age related farsightedness

106
Q

Endocrine

A

Releases hormones through glands

107
Q

Amblyopia develops most commonly in

A

Children

108
Q

Babies acquire this to many pathogens via antibodies from placenta

A

Natural passive immunity

109
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air inside thoracic cavity and outside of lungs

110
Q

What sphincter lies between stomach and small intestine

A

Pyloric

111
Q

Hormone released in response to stress

A

Cortisol

112
Q

Light passes through eye through what opening?

A

Pupil

113
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

114
Q

Leading cause of kidney failure

A

Diabetic nephropathy

115
Q

Antibodies

A

Secreted by plasma cells

116
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Total WBC count greater than 10,000

117
Q

Actual tissue damage and death

A

Angina

118
Q

Light blue

A

Coagulation

119
Q

What happens at the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Filtration

120
Q

Which WBC is most abundant in the bloodstream

A

Neutrophil

121
Q

What type blood is universal recipient of blood donations?

A

AB

122
Q

Hyposecretion of cortisol

A

Addison’s disease

123
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Testes don’t descend

124
Q

Clotting protein produced by liver with help of vitamin K

A

Prothrombin

125
Q

Gastric activities are controlled by the

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

126
Q

Which hormone needs iodine for production

A

Thyroxine

127
Q

Embolus

A

Floating blood clot

128
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC count

129
Q

Area of stomach that connects with small intestine

A

Pylorus

130
Q

Lung region that creates cardiac impression is

A

Lingula

131
Q

What is true about rods and cones

A

Far more rods than cones

132
Q

Cortisol levels ____ during the day.

A

Decrease

133
Q

Myasthenia Travis is caused by autoimmune attack on

A

Acetylcholine receptors

134
Q

Has both physical and chemical they prevent invaders from entering

A

Barriers

135
Q

Inflammatory bowel disorder

A

Ulcerative colitis

136
Q

Flatus

A

Medical term for GI gas

137
Q

Which structure becomes smaller in adulthood?

A

Thymus

138
Q

Function of the spleen

A

Filter pathogens from bloodstream

139
Q

GERD

A

Acid reflux into the esophagus

140
Q

What part of eye works similar to shutter on camera?

A

Iris

141
Q

Are necessary for production if B cells

A

Helper T cells

142
Q

Oxytocin

A

Post pit, makes milk and maintains uterine contractions.

143
Q

Function of the conchae is to

A

Warm and moisten air

144
Q

Embedded in mediastinum, posterior to sternum

A

Thymus

145
Q

Which WBC is first to arrive at site of damage?

A

Neutrophil

146
Q

Receptors used to locate body parts are called

A

Proprioceptors

147
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Loss of central vision

148
Q

WBC that produce heparin

A

Basophils

149
Q

Presence of foreign antigens are detected by

A

Neutrophils

150
Q

Which organ is responsible for production of bile?

A

Liver

151
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Controlled by hypothalamus
Secretes growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing, and follicle stimulating hormone.

152
Q

Steroids commonly abused by athletes

A

Anaebolic

153
Q

Damage to pituitary gland, which causes hypopituitarism, can result from…

A

Radiation, surgical removal, tumors

154
Q

Principle muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm

155
Q

Occurs when sound waves are prevented from reaching inner ear

A

Conductive hearing loss

156
Q

Dwarfism can be cause by

A

Hyposecretion of growth hormone

157
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstruation

158
Q

Where is thymus located

A

Chest

159
Q

Oliguria

A

Decreased urination

160
Q

Insulin and glucagon are produced by….

A

Pancreas

161
Q

Smallest of salivary glands

A

Sublingual

162
Q

Diaphragm receives help from____ during breathing

A

Accessory muscles

163
Q

Produces lymphocytes that mature into WBC called T lymphocytes

A

Thymus

164
Q

Pancreas

A

Insulin and glucagon

165
Q

Glad that is greatest size and efficiency at childhood?

A

Thymus

166
Q

Which hormone is responsible for decreased urination?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

167
Q

Innate immunity is supported by a series of mechanisms that target specific pathogens; mechanisms are called

A

Adaptive immunity

168
Q

Which secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones controlling master gland?

A

Hypothalamus

169
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Increases steroid secretions

170
Q

What stimulates digestive enzyme release from the pancreas and bile release from gallbladder?

A

Cholecystokinin

171
Q

Macrophage

A

Phagocytosis modified monocytes

172
Q

A cytokines that stimulates macrophages and also causes death in cancer cells

A

Tumor necrosis factor

173
Q

Universal blood recipient

A

AB

174
Q

Anemia

A

Low RBC count

175
Q

Green

A

Stat chem

176
Q

What directly influenced production of testosterone?

A

Luteinizing hormone

177
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung

178
Q

Cochlea contains membranous tube filled with fluid called

A

Perilymph

179
Q

What causes thrombocytopenia?

A

Vitamin K deficiency, bone marrow cancer, liver disfunction.

180
Q

Volvulus

A

Bowel twists upon itself, causing obstruction

181
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

Ovulation

182
Q

How do antibodies destroy pathogens

A

May cause the antigens to clump

183
Q

Vessel that brings blood back to heart from trunk and pelvic region

A

Inferior vena cava

184
Q

Dendritic cells function as antigen displaying cells

A

True

185
Q

Inflammation of inner ear

A

Labrynthitis

186
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

187
Q

Rental capsule covers the..

A

Kidney

188
Q

Which region of kidney is blood filtered?

A

Cortex

189
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gallbladder

190
Q

Concentrated to catch pathogens where they are most likely to enter the body

A

Lymph nodes

191
Q

Gardening of arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

192
Q

Neutrophil

A

Phagocytosis granulocyte

193
Q

Which urinary organ transports urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

Ureters

194
Q

Thyroxin and triiodothyronine, hormones necessary for cell metabolism, are produced in the _____ gland

A

Thyroid

195
Q

Acute epiglottis is is caused by

A

Bacterial infection

196
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Difficult mestruation

197
Q

Cranial nerve releases neurotransmitter that can decrease pulse rate?

A

Vagus

198
Q

Ossicles order

A

Malleus incus stapes

199
Q

Chemical messengers released directly into the bloodstream, with ability to affect cells for hours or days are called….

A

Hormones

200
Q

What is true of adrenal medulla?

A

Responds to stimuli from SNS

201
Q

Tympanic cavity

A

Middle ear

202
Q

Order of draw

A 
Yellow
light blue
Red
Red marbles
Green
Light green
Lavender 
White, pink or royal blue
Gray
Dark blue
203
Q

What section of heart receives blood from right coronary artery

A

Right ventricle

204
Q

To fight off thousands of pathogens, lymphocytes must make thousand of copies of themselves.

A

Proliferation

205
Q

Interferons and interleukins are both chemicals called

A

Cytokines

206
Q

Which of following bus a function of one of hormones secreted by adrenal gland?

A

Salt and fluid balance

207
Q

Hammer

A

Directly against eardrum

208
Q

Creatinine

A

Waste product of muscle metabolism

209
Q

How many permanent teeth do we have

A

32

210
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Extension of hypothalamus. Produces antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin,

211
Q

Cells that are crude weapons that release chemicals to destroy infected cells that they encounter

A

Natural killer

212
Q

Result of injury to the large intestine that allows intestinal bacteria to escape into the abdominal cavity

A

Peritonitis

213
Q

Stirrup

A

Ossicles directly against oval window

214
Q

The ____ is divided into a posterior and anterior segment.

A

Pituitary

215
Q

Why are steroids so powerful

A

Pass easily through target cell membrane and interact with cells DNA

216
Q

The process of gas exchange in which CO2 is removed from the blood and oxygen added is called

A

External respiration

217
Q

Body mounts hyperactive response to a harmless antigen

A

Allergy

218
Q

Which section of the small intestine connects or is continuous with the stomach

A

Duodenum

219
Q

Natural killer cell

A

Innate lymphocytes that secrete chemical to kill cells displaying antigens
`

220
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Makes hormones called adrenocorticosteroids. Releases hormones under direction of anterior pituitary. Secretes hormones that control e- blood sugar, reproduction, secondary sex characteristics, cell metabolism, growth, and immune system.

221
Q

Used for both digestive and respiratory tract

A

Oropharynx

222
Q

In rheumatoid arthritis, immune system attacks

A

Synovial membrane

223
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

Regulates calcium in blood

Parathyroid hormones stimulate bone dissolve

224
Q

Hydrocele

A

Abnormal collection of fluid in testes

225
Q

Three tiny bones located in middle ear

A

Ossicles

226
Q

Gallbladder activity is caused by the hormone

A

CCK

227
Q

“Clean up” cells

A

Wandering macrophages

228
Q

Diaphragm is covered by serous membrane called

A

Parietal pleura

A&P (3 decks)

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