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S2 E2 KCU COB Andersen Courses > Anatomy II Lecture 9 Gluteal Region and Hip Joint > Flashcards

Anatomy II Lecture 9 Gluteal Region and Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the upper medial quadrant of the buttock?

A

Posterior rami of L1-3, S1-3

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2
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the upper lateral quadrant of the buttock?

A 
Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) 
Anterior rami T12
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3
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the Lower medial quadrant of the buttock?

A

Branches from posterior femoral nerves (S1-3)

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4
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the lower lateral quadrant of the buttock?

A

Branches from lateral femoral cutaneous nerve S2-3

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5
Q

The deep fascia of the gluteal region is continuous with

A

The deep fascia of the thigh (Fascia Lata)

  • Single layer attached to iliac crest covering outer surface of Gluteus MEDIUS
  • Splits and encloses the gluteus maximus
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6
Q

What continues as an iliotibial tract on the lateral surface of the thigh:

  • Attached to tubercle of iliac crest superiorly
  • Attached to lateral condyle inferiorly
  • Forms sheath for tensor fascia latae muscle
  • Receives greater part of an insertion of gluteus maximus
A

Deep fascia of the gluteal region

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7
Q

What is tied down to the bottom of the buttock and forms gluteal (natal) fold?

A

Superficial fascia of the gluteal region

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8
Q

Where do the structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen go or come from?

A

Passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis

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9
Q

Where do the structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen go or come from?

A

Passageway for structures entering or leaving Perineum

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10
Q

What structures move through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Piriformis Muscle
Sciatic Nerve
Superior/Inferior gluteal vessels and nerves
Pudendal Nerve (lesser sciatic foramen too)
**Internal Pudendal artery/Vein (lesser sciatic foramen too)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerves to quadratus femoris and obturator internus* (He said know this last one because obturator also passes through the lesser sciatic foramen)

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11
Q

What structures move through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A 
Tendon of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus 
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal vessels 
(All but the tendon also passes through the greater)
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12
Q

What divides the sciatic notch into a greater foramen and a lesser foramen?

A

Sacrospinous

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13
Q 
What do all of these have in common?
Obturator membrane
Sacrotuberous 
Sacrospinous
Sacroiliac
Iliolumbar
A

Ligaments of articulated pelvis

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14
Q

What are the posterior ligaments of the pelvis

A

Posterior sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Sacrospinous ligaments
Refer to fig 6.6

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15
Q 
Which of the following are part of the lateral compartment of the gluteal abductors?
A. Gluteus Medius
B. Gluteus Maximus
C. Gluteus Minimus
D. Tensor Fascia Latae
A

B. Gluteus Maximus: Posterior compartment

Lateral compartment:
A. Gluteus Medius
C. Gluteus Minimus
D. Tensor Fascia Latae

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16
Q

What is the function of the gluteal group abductors?

A

Prevent pelvis and body from falling to the unsupported side when one foot is off the ground (I.e. walking)

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17
Q

What is the function of the six deep external rotators of the gluteus?

A

Rotate unsupported side of the pelvis forward to increase stride

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

Origin: Posterior gluteal line of ilium; Surfaces of sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and Iliotibial tract

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19
Q

What is the function, vascular supply, and innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

Function: Necessary for rising from seated position, climbing, running, and jumping (NOT walking)
Extends and rotates thighs

Vascular supply: Inferior gluteal artery (Branch of the internal iliac)

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

20
Q

What are the three bursae of the posterior gluteal compartment?

A

Trochanteric bursa
Gluteofemoral bursa
Ischial (sciatic) bursa

21
Q

T/F Gluteus Medius and Gluteus minimus are the same muscle separated by the inferior gluteal nerve

A

False

Gluteus Medius and Gluteus minimus are the SAME muscle separated by the SUPERIOR gluteal nerve

22
Q

Where does the tensor of fascia lata insert into?

A

Iliotibial tract

Function: Tense the fascia lata

23
Q

What innervates the lateral gluteal compartment?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (This also splits one muscle to form the gluteus minimus and medius)

24
Q

What is the vascular supply of the lateral gluteal compartment?

A

Superior gluteal artery (branch of the internal iliac)

25
Q

What muscles functions to:

  • Hip ABduction with a free swinging limb
  • Tensor of fascia lata and anterior deep gluteal fibers act as medial rotators of the thigh
A

Lateral gluteal compartment

26
Q

What is the Trendelenburg test?

A

Evaluates the strength of contralateral gluteus medius
Patients stands upright and raises one foot off the ground
Contralateral gluteus should lower contralateral hip and raise ipsilateral hip
Needed to clear foot from the ground during swing phase of walking

If a patient fails this, an indicator is dragging feet when walking

27
Q 
What do these muscles have in common?
Piriformis 
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris
A

They are the six deep external rotators of the gluteus

28
Q

What is the function of the piriformis and obturator internus?

A

externally rotate the thigh and abduct flexed thigh

29
Q

What is the internal iliac artery a branch of?

A

Common iliac artery

30
Q

What branches off the internal iliac artery?

A

Superior gluteal and inferior gluteal artery

31
Q

What branches off the femoral artery?

A

medial femoral circumflex artery and the lateral femoral circumflex artery

32
Q

What artery does the medial femoral circumflex artery anastomoses with?

A

Inferior gluteal artery

33
Q

What artery does the lateral femoral circumflex artery anastomoses with?

A

Superior gluteal artery

34
Q

What is made by the fusing of all three pelvic bones?

A

Acetbular fossa

35
Q

Where does the femoral head insert into?

A

Acetabular labrum

36
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the synovial ball and socket joint have?

A

3

37
Q

What separates the sciatic notches?

A

Ischial spine

38
Q

What are the ligaments of the ischial spine?

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

39
Q

What converts the acetabular notch into a foramen for the transmission of the artery to the head of the femur?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

40
Q

What is the strongest and most important ligament of the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

41
Q

What is the Y ligament of Bigelow?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

42
Q

What ligaments resists hyperextension of the hip?

A

Pubofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament, and the iliofemoral ligament

43
Q

What ligament supports artery to the head of the femur?

A

Ligamentum teres

44
Q

What is a collar-like ligament around the distal neck of the femur?

A

Zona orbicularis

45
Q

What is the angle of inclination in an infant, 3-year old, Adult, and elderly respectively?

A

Infant: 150º
3-year old: 135º
Adult: 125º
Elderly: 120º

46
Q

Pathology: Increase in angulation

A

Anteversion

The anterior surface of femur faces more medially

47
Q

Pathology: Decrease in angulation

A

Retroversion

The anterior surface of femur faces more laterally

S2 E2 KCU COB Andersen Courses (14 decks)

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