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Medicine > Anatomy of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Movements of Hip Joint

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial/Lateral Rotation
Circumduction

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2
Q

Hip Joint formed by articulation of…

A

Acetabulum an Proximal Femur (head of femur)

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3
Q

Knee Joint articulation of…

A

Distal Femur and Tibia

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4
Q

Ankle Joint articulation of…

A

Distal ends of tibia and fibia with the talus

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5
Q

Pelvis is a bony ring formed of the left and right …. bones

A

Innominate (hip) bones

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6
Q

Each hip bone formed of 3 separate bones…

A

Pubic Bone
Ilium
Ischium
(fuse at acetabulum)

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7
Q

Hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly at…
Posteriorly at…

A

Pubic Symphysis
The sacrum at sacroiliac joints

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8
Q

What surround the obturator foramen on each side of the hip?

A

Superior and inferior pubic rami

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9
Q

In early life, obturator foramen is…

A

Almost completely closed by obturator membrane and muscles attached (small gap in membrane - obturator canal - allows vessels/nerves to pass between pelvis and thigh)

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10
Q

Uppermost part of ilium is called…

A

The iliac crests (which are palpable)

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11
Q

2 anterior prominences of the hip

A

ASIS
AIIS

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12
Q

Posterior landmarks of the hip

A

Ischial Tuberosity
Ischial Spine
Greater and Lesser Sciatic Notches

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13
Q

Distal to the neck of the femur lies 2 sites of muscle attachment called..

A

The greater and lesser trochanters

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14
Q

Where is the intertrochanteric line?

A

Lies between the greater and lesser trochanters on anterior surface of femur

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15
Q

What is the trochanteric fossa?

A

Small hollow on medial aspect of greater trochanter

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16
Q

What is the linea aspera?

A

Bony vertical ridge on posterior aspect of shaft of femur (site of muscle attachment)

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17
Q

Distal end of femur expanded to form…
These articulate with… at the knee joint

A

Medial and lateral femoral condyles
These articulate with proximal tibia at knee joint

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18
Q

Just superior to the medial femoral condyle lies…

A

The small adductor tubercle

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19
Q

What lies anterior to the knee joint?

A

Patella

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20
Q

What is the name of the fascia that surrounds the thigh like a sleeve?

A

Fascia lata

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21
Q

What is the iliotibial band (or tract)?

A

Thickening of lateral part of fascia lata which attaches to lateral aspect of proximal tibia so is important for stabilising knee joint

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22
Q

What separates the thigh into anterior, medial and posterior compartments?

A

Intermuscular septa which extend from the fascia lata to the linea aspera

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23
Q

Anterior compartment of the thigh contains 7 muscles which are all innervated by…

A

The Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

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24
Q

7 Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Quadriceps Femoris (group of 4 muscles)
Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Pectineus

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25
Q

4 muscles of quadriceps femoris

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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26
Q

The 4 quadriceps femoris muscles converge onto the… which runs over the patella to insert onto … via the …

A

Converge onto the quadriceps tendon which runs over patella to insert onto tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

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27
Q

Proximal attachment of the Rectus Femoris

A

AIIS

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28
Q

Vastus lateralis attachment

A

Attaches to linea aspera on posterior aspect of femoral shaft

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29
Q

Vastus medialis attachment

A

Attaches to linea aspera

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30
Q

Vastus intermedius attachment

A

Attaches to anterior aspect of femoral shaft

31
Q

Quadricep muscles position relative to rectus femoris (which lies in midline of anterior thigh)

A

Vastus lateralis is lateral
Vastus medialis is medial
Vastus intermedius is deep

32
Q

Sartorius relative position, attachment and movement

A

Superficial in anterior thigh
Attaches proximally at ASIS
Inserts onto medial aspect of tibia (crossing both hip and knee joints)
Flexes and laterally rotates hip and flexes knee (not a prime mover)

33
Q

Iliopsoas insertion and movement

A

Psoas major and iliacus converge via common tendon onto lesser trochanter of femur
Prime flexor of hip

34
Q

Pectineus attachment and movement

A

Attaches proximally to superior pubic ramus
Inserts distally on femur just inferior to lesser trochanter
Flexes and adducts hip

35
Q

Medial thigh muscle innervation

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

36
Q

Primary movement of medial thigh muscles

A

Adduction at hip

37
Q

5 muscles of medial thigh

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus

38
Q

Adductor brevis and adductor longus points of attachment

A

Pubic bone and linea aspera

39
Q

What lies between adductor brevis and adductor longus?

A

The obturator nerve
(adductor brevis lies deep to adductor longus)

40
Q

2 parts of adductor magnus (action, attachment, innervation)

A

Adductor part - attaches to inferior pubic ramus and linea aspera, adduction, innervated by obturator nerve

Hamstring part - attaches to ischial tuberosity and adductor tubercle, innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4)

41
Q

Adductor Hiatus

A

Gap formed between the distal attachments of adductor magnus
Femoral artery and vein travel through it to enter posterior thigh

42
Q

Gracilis attachment and movement

A

Attaches to pubic bone and medial aspect of tibia
Weak adductor and flexor of hip and weak flexor of knee (not a prime mover)

43
Q

Femoral artery is a continuation of … and travels deep to … to enter the proximal anterior thigh

A

External Iliac Artery
Inguinal Ligament

44
Q

The femoral artery gives a large branch which is the deep artery of the thigh called…

A

Profunda Femoris

45
Q

Femoral artery continues distally through the adductor hiatus into the posterior thigh then…

A

Through the popliteal fossa where it becomes the popliteal artery

46
Q

Obturator artery

A

Branch of internal iliac which travels through obturator canal into medial compartment of thigh and anastomoses with branches from femoral artery

47
Q

Femoral vein follows the course of…

A

The femoral artery

48
Q

Obturator vein follows the course of…

A

The obturator artery

49
Q

Femoral nerve formed from which spinal nerve?

A

L2-L4

50
Q

Through what does the femoral nerve enter the proximal anterior thigh?

A

Deep to inguinal ligament

51
Q

Sensory branch of femoral nerve that supplies skin over leg?

A

Saphenous nerve

52
Q

Obturator nerve formed from spinal nerves…

A

L2-L4

53
Q

Obturator nerve entry to thigh

A

Travels along lateral wall of pelvis exiting through obturator canal emerging onto superficial surface of adductor brevis

54
Q

Femoral triangle boundaries

A

Lateral - medial border of sartorius
Medial - lateral border of adductor longus
Superior - inguinal ligament
Apex is distal and is where sartorius and adductor longus meet
Floor formed by iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

55
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein (receives a tributary - superficial vein called the great saphenous vein - in the femoral triangle)
Femoral nerve

56
Q

3 ridges of posterior ilium

A

Anterior, posterior, and inferior gluteal lines

57
Q

2 notches of posterior ilium and ischium

A

Greater and lesser sciatic notches

58
Q

Ischial spine projects from posterior ischium. What attaches to it?

A

The sacrospinous ligament

59
Q

Part of the pelvis we sit on?

A

Ischial tuberosity (bulky prominence at posterior aspect of ischium)

60
Q

Name for the ridge of bone between the 2 trochanters on posterior aspect of femur

A

Intertrochanteric crest

61
Q

Gluteal tuberosity

A

Lies just inferior to trochanters on posterior femur (site of muscle attachment)

62
Q

4 superficial gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

63
Q

Gluteus maximus proximal attachments

A

Posterior surface of ilium
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrum

64
Q

Gluteus maximus distal attachments

A

Most fibres insert into the iliotibial tract
Some attach to gluteal tuberosity

65
Q

Actions of gluteus maximus

A

Hip extensor
Also lateral rotator of hip

66
Q

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus relative position, insertion and action

A

Medius is deep to maximus, minimus is deep to medius

Both insert onto greater trochanter

Both abduct and medially rotate hip

67
Q

Tensor fascia latae (TFL) attachments

A

Attached to ASIS and inserts onto iliotibial band

68
Q

TFL action

A

Contraction tenses fascia latae and iliotibial band stabilising the knee when extended (not a prime mover)

69
Q

Superficial gluteal muscles innervated by gluteal nerves which leave …. in the pelvis via the ….

A

Sacral plexus
Greater sciatic foramen

70
Q

What innervates gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

71
Q

What innervates gluteus medius, minimus an TFL?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

72
Q

4 deep gluteal muscles

A

Piriformis
Superior and inferior gemelli
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris

73
Q

All deep gluteal muscles insert onto…

A

Greater trochanter (or close to it)

Medicine (14 decks)

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