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Yr1-S2 - Resp System > Anatomy of Lungs, airways and blood supply > Flashcards

Anatomy of Lungs, airways and blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

Towards or away from the heart?

Pulmonary artery

A

Away

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2
Q

Towards or away from the heart?

Pulmonary Vein

A

Towards

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation function

A

delivers CO2 to the lungs and picks up O2

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4
Q

Systemic Circulation function

A

delivers O2 to tissues and picks up CO2

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5
Q

Average volumes of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced (ml) per minute

A

250ml oxygen

200m carbon dioxide

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6
Q

Average breathing rate

A

10-20 breaths per minute

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7
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A 
Pharynx
Vocal Cords
Nasal Cavity 
Tongue 
Larynx
Oesophagus
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8
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Right and left lung
Right and left bronchus
diaphragm

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9
Q

After right and left bronchi - each bronchus divides

A

22 times

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10
Q

Only place where gas exchange can occur between the lungs and the blood

A

alveoli

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11
Q

Anatomical dead space

A

where the air is in the upper airways

where the walls are too thick for gas exchange

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12
Q

Epithelium lining the respiratory tract is…

A

pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated

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13
Q

As the epithelium progresses from the nose to the alveoli the cells become more…

A

squamous

and the cilia is lost

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14
Q

Alveoli have two things

A

type 1 and 2 pneumocytes

elastic recoil

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15
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

97% of the alveolar space
Simple squamous epithelium
gas exchange

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16
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes

A

Produces SURFACTANT
reduced surface tension at the alveolar surface
reduced work of breathing

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17
Q

how many lobes in right lung?

A

3

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18
Q

how many lobes in left lung?

A

2

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19
Q

Gases move from ………… to ………… areas of pressure

A

high low

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20
Q

Boyles law

A

pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

21
Q

membrane on the outer surface of the lungs

A

visceral

22
Q

membrane on the inner surface of the ribcage

A

parietal

23
Q

Pip (intrapelural) is always negative therefore it is always ……………..

A

less than atmospheric

24
Q

increase in volume of air means

A

decrease in pressure

25
Q

decrease in volume of air means

A

increase in pressure

26
Q

Inspiration uses what muscles?

A

diaphragm
external intercostal
sternocleidomastoids
scalene

27
Q

Expiration uses what muscles?

A

internal intercostal

abdominal muscles

28
Q

Pa (alveolar) is the…

A

pressure inside the thoracic cavity

29
Q

Pip (intrapleural) is the…..

A

pressure inside the pleural cavity

30
Q

Pt (transpulmonary) is the….

A

difference between Pa and Pip

(it is always positive)

Pt = Pa - Pip

31
Q

Average volume of anatomical dead space

A

about 150 mL

32
Q

Tidal Volume (TV)

A

volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs on each breath

33
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lung at the end of normal expiration

34
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

The maximum volume of air that can be drawn into the lungs at the end of normal inspiration

35
Q

Residual Volume (RV)

A

The volume of gas in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration

36
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

A

Tidal Vol + IRV + ERV

37
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

A

VC + RV

38
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

A

TV + IRV

39
Q

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

A

ERV + RV

40
Q

FEV1

A

Forced expired volume in 1 second

41
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

total air movement in and out of the lungs

42
Q

Hyperventilation gives

A

increased PO2 and decreased PCO2

43
Q

Hypoventilation gives

A

increased pCO2 and decreased PO2

44
Q

Systemic Circulation occurs between the heart and the…

A

entire body (tissues)

45
Q

Pulmonary Circulation occurs between the heart and the…

A

lungs only

46
Q

if tidal volume is 500 (mL) what is the respiratory rate??

A

12 breaths per minute (normal)

47
Q

if the tidal volume is 300 mL what is the respiratory rate??

A

20 breathes per minute (rapid)

48
Q

if the tidal volume is 750 mL what is the respiratory rate??

A

8 breathes per minute (slow)

49
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases

Yr1-S2 - Resp System (26 decks)

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