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Theme 2 - 204 > Anatomy of the Forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

On which bone is the olecranon located on?

A

Ulna

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2
Q

What membrane connects the radius with the ulna?

A

Interosseous membrane

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3
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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4
Q

What inserts onto the trochlea notch?

A

Trochlea

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5
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

A synovial pivot joint at the proximal end of the forearm that allows for supination and pronation.

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6
Q

What is located lateral to the trochlea?

A

Capitulum

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7
Q

Where are the radial tuberosity and ulnar tuberosity located on the ulna and radius?

A

At the proximal end

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8
Q

What makes up the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

The medial circumference of the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow?

A

Radial collateral ligament (lateral)

Ulnar collateral ligament (medial)

Annular ligament

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10
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

A triangle area on the anterior elbow

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11
Q

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Superior = Imaginary line joining the lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus

Medial = Pronator teres

Lateral = Brachioradialis

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12
Q

Which vein is used for venipuncture and where is it located?

A

Median cubital vein

Located in the cubital fossa

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13
Q

What are the two compartments of the forearm?

A

Flexor compartment (anterior)

Extensor compartment (posterior)

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14
Q

What type of muscles are found in the flexor compartment of the forearm?

A

Superficial muscles

Intermediate muscles

Deep muscles

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15
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the flexor (anterior) compartment?

A
  • 3 flexors of wrist (carpi)

- 1 pronator

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16
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the flexor (anterior) compartment?

A

1 flexor of digits 2-5 (flexor digitorium superficialis)

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17
Q

What are the deep muscles of the flexor (anterior) compartment?

A
  • 1 flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorium)
  • 1 flexor of thumb (pollicis)
  • 1 pronator
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18
Q

What is the common flexor origin of the superficial and intermediate muscles of the flexor (anterior) compartment?

A

Medial epicondyle

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19
Q

What is Golfer’s elbow?

A

Epicondylitis (tendon inflammation) at the common flexor origin due to overuse / excessive gripping

20
Q

What are the 3 flexors of wrist (carpi) in the superficial layer?

A

Flexor carpi radialis (most lateral)

Palmaris longus (middle)

Flexor carpi ulnaris (most medial)

21
Q

What is the pronator muscle of the superficial layer of the flexor compartment of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

22
Q

What are the deep flexor muscles and pronator muscle of the flexor compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor digitorum profundus

Pronator quadratus

23
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the extensor (posterior) compartment of the forearm?

A
  • 3 extensors of wrist (carpi)
  • 1 extensor of digits 2-5 (extensor digitorium)
  • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (extensor digiti minimi)
  • Brachioradialis and anconeus
24
Q

What are the deep muscles of the extensor (posterior) compartment of the forearm?

A
  • 2 extensors of thumb (extensor pollicis longus and brevis)
  • 1 abductor of thumb (abductor pollicis longus)
  • 1 accessory extensor to digit 2 (extensor indicis)
  • 1 Supinator
25
Q

What is the function of the anconeus?

A

Stabilises the elbow

26
Q

What are the three extensors of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

27
Q

What is the common extensor origin?

A

Lateral epicondyle

28
Q

What is Tennis elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at the CEO due to overuse or forceful extension

29
Q

What muscles are found in the anatomical snuff box?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

30
Q

Which muscles carry out wrist abduction?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

31
Q

Which muscles carry out wrist adduction?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

32
Q

Which muscles are involved in pronation?

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

33
Q

During pronation, how does the radius move with respect to the ulna?

A

Radius rotates over the ulna

34
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Median nerve
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Flexor digitorium superficialis
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
35
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome and how is it caused?

A

Compression of the median nerve

Caused by increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, which can be associated with trauma, obesity and pregnancy.

36
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

37
Q

Where do the different digitorums insert?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus inserts onto the distal phalanx

Flexor digitorum superficialis inserts onto the middle phalanx

Extensor digitorum inserts on the middle and distal phalanx

38
Q

Where does the brachial artery divide, and into what does it divide?

A

Cubital fossa

Radial and Ulnar artery

39
Q

What muscle is the radial artery under?

A

Brachioradialis

40
Q

What muscle is the ulnar artery under?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

41
Q

What artery do the anterior, posterior and common interosseous arteries arise from?

A

Ulnar artery

42
Q

What nerves supply the forearm?

A

Musculocutaneous

Radial

Median

Ulnar

43
Q

What does the median nerve provide sensory supply to?

A

Lateral palm

Digits 1, 2, 3 and half of 4

44
Q

What is a branch of the median nerve?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve (supplies deep flexors)

45
Q

What does the ulnar nerve provide sensory supply to?

A

Medial hand and half of digit 4 and all of digit 5

46
Q

What are the branches of the radial nerve?

A

Superficial branch (sensory)

Deep branch (motor and also called posterior interosseous nerve)

Theme 2 - 204 (6 decks)

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