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Theme 2 - 204 > Anatomy of the Knee > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is the knee an articulation between?

A

Distal femur and proximal tibia

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2
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Synovial bicondylar hinge joint

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3
Q

Where is the intercondylar fossa located?

A

Between the two condyles on the posterior side of the femur

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4
Q

What are the TIBIAL condyles also known as?

A

Tibial plateau

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5
Q

What is the medical term for bow-legged?

A

Varus deformity

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6
Q

What is Varus deformity?

A

Deformity in the angle between the femur and the tibia (less than 15 degrees)

Tibia is medially displaced (inwards facing) so knees are pushed apart

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7
Q

What is Valgus deformity?

A

Deformity in the ankle between the femur and tibia (more than 15 degrees)

Tibia is laterally displaced so knees are brought together

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8
Q

What can Varus and Valgus deformity eventually lead to?

A

Joint degeneration

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9
Q

What are the two groups of strong ligaments of the knee?

A

Extracapsular and Intracapsular

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10
Q

What are the extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments?

A

Extracapsular = Medial and Lateral collateral

Intracapsular = Anterior and Posterior cruciate

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11
Q

What is the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament and where are the two ends of it?

A

A strong round cord that prevents medial displacement of the tibia.

Lateral epicondyle and fibular head

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12
Q

What can a tear in the lateral collateral ligament lead to?

A

Varus deformity

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13
Q

What is the medial (tibial) collateral ligament?

A

A broad flat band that reinforces the joint capsule and prevents lateral displacement of the tibia.

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14
Q

What can a tear of the medial collateral ligament lead

A

Valgus deformity

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15
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament connect, and what is it attached to between these two structures?

A

Medial surface of the tibia and medial epicondyle

Attached to the medial meniscus

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16
Q

What are the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments anterior/posterior to?

A

Tibia

17
Q

What does cruciate mean?

A

Cross-shaped

18
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

Anterior displacement of tibia on femur

19
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

Posterior displacemt of the tibia on femur

20
Q

Which cruciate ligament is weaker, and what does this lead to?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Decreased range of movement

21
Q

What is the Lachman test and what does it test for?

A

Moving the tibia anteriorly and posteriorly whilst maintaining the position of the femur.

Looseness during this movement indicates anterior cruciate ligament injury

22
Q

What are the menisci of the knee joint?

A

Crescent-shaped plates of fibrocartilage that:

  • Deepen the articulating surfaces
  • Absorb shock
  • Provide a smooth viscous film for the joint.
23
Q

What are the two menisci of the knee joint?

A

Medial meniscus (larger)

Lateral meniscus (smaller and more circular)

24
Q

What does the patella protect?

A

Quadriceps tendon

25
Q

What can cause dislocation of the patella?

A

Sudden twisting or jumping

26
Q

What is the deepest muscle of the knee joint?

A

Popliteus

27
Q

What movement does the popliteus carry out?

A

Lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia when the foot is on the ground

28
Q

What does the infra patellar fat pad separate?

A

Synovial membrane from the patellar ligament

29
Q

What are bursae?

A

Synovial fluid filled sacs lined by synovial membrane

30
Q

What is the function of bursae?

A

Protection and to reduce friction

31
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of bursae due to repetitive movements or direct pressure

32
Q

What is prepatellar bursitis also known as?

A

Housemaid’s knee

33
Q

What is infrapatellar bursitis also known as?

A

Clergyman’s knee

34
Q

What are Baker’s cysts?

A

Abnormal fluid filled sacs found in the popliteal fossa.

Caused by herniation of synovial membrane / bursa

35
Q

What are Baker’s cysts commonly seen in?

A

Patietnts with chronic inflammatory joint disease - such as arthritis.

36
Q

How are Baker cysts treated?

A

Aspiration and cortisone injections

Theme 2 - 204 (6 decks)

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