Anatomy Q's- Abdomen Flashcards
A 35-year-old male patient presents to the clinic with discomfort in his groin. He was recently diagnosed with cancer of the scrotum. Noting the typical lymphatic drainage of the area, which lymph nodes might the provider be concerned about possible metastasis of the cancer?
A. Lumbar lymph nodes
B. Mediastinal lymph nodes
C. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
D. Deep inguinal lymph nodes
C. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Which type of hernia is common in neonates?
A. Umbilical hernia B. Epigastric hernia C. Spigelian hernia D. External supravesical hernia E. Inguinal hernia
A. Umbilical hernia
A 30-year-old G2P1A0 female at 39 weeks gestation presents to the hospital shortly after onset of labor. The fetus is found to be in breech position and cesarean section is indicated. What type of abdominal incision is commonly made during a cesarean section?
Pararectus incision
Subcostal incision
Suprapubic incision
McBurney Incision
Suprapubic incision
A retention cyst (collection of fluid) in the epididymis is known as what?
Spermatocele
Hydrocele
Hematocele
Varicocele
Spermatocele
What layer of abdominal fascia comprises the deep membranous layer?
A. Transversalis Fascial Layer B. Camper’s Layer C. Scarpa’s Layer D. Oestreich’s Layer E. Deep Membranosal Layer
C. Scarpa’s Layer
A 42-year-old male patient is scheduled for a vasectomy at your clinic. He has anxiously requested to be as “drugged up” as possible. In addition to providing the patient with an adequate dose of Valium, 5 mL of Lidocaine 2% without epinephrine will be injected into the superficial scrotal skin at the site of incision. Since you will begin the procedure by operating on the anterolateral surface of the scrotum, what nerve plexus should you block to ensure the comfort of your nervous patient?
A. Lumbar Plexus
B. Sacral Plexus
C. Spermatic Plexus
D. Pampiniform Venous Plexus
A. Lumbar Plexus
A 35 year old pregnant female presents to your office with an abdominal protrusion that is tender on palpation. The patient is in her eighth month of pregnancy and has gained significant weight in her abdomen. She says the noticed the protrusion and pain when she bent over to pick something up last week. The profusion is 2 centimeters and in the midline between the xiphoid process and umbilicus. What type of hernia are you diagnosing her with?
A. Spigelian B. Epigastric C. Umbilical D. Inguinal E. Hiatal
B. Epigastric
Which thoracic nerve branch is located at the umbilicus region?
A. T6 B. T7 C. T8 D. T9 E. T10
E. T10
Which regions are located on either side of the umbilical region?
Right and left paraumbilical regions
Right and left hypochondriac regions
Right and left iliac regions
Right and left lumbar regions
Right and left lumbar regions
During a well child check for a 2-month old baby boy, his mother mentions that she has concern that his stomach seems to be bulging out and seems prominent. She recalls having an uncle who had a prominent abdomen once, and he ended up having serious liver problems. She is concerned that this could be going on with her young son also. You perform your normal routine exam which is unremarkable. What is the best way to approach this situation?
A.Inform the mom that it is normal for infants to have a prominent abdomen due to air in their GI tract, a relatively large liver, and their abdominal muscles gaining strength.
B.Request that the mom get more information on the “liver problem” that her uncle had as there is a good chance it is directly related.
C. Send the baby for liver function testing and abdominal imaging as a protuberant abdomen in infants is rare.
D. Admit the child to the hospital as a protuberant abdomen in infants is almost always life threatening.
A.Inform the mom that it is normal for infants to have a prominent abdomen due to air in their GI tract, a relatively large liver, and their abdominal muscles gaining strength.
A male neonate presents to the ICU with anemia and needs an immediate blood transfusion. Where is the best location to get a blood sample from this infant?
1) External iliac artery
2) External iliac vein
3) Testicular artery
4) Testicular vein
2) External iliac vein
Where does the transversus abdominis originate?
1) Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
2) Internal surfaces of 7th-12th ribs, thoracolumbar fascia
3) Pubic symphysis and pubic crest
4) External surface of ribs 5-12
2) Internal surfaces of 7th-12th ribs, thoracolumbar fascia
What is the venous drainage of the abdominal region inferior to the transumbilical plane?
A) Through the thoracoepigastric vein to axillary vein
B) Through the superficial epigastric vein to the femoral vein
C) Through the umbilical vein
D) Through the internal thoracic vein
B) Through the superficial epigastric vein to the femoral vein
A male patient presents to your office because he has noticed an enlargement on his left scrotum that disappears when he lies down. During the physical exam you palpate the scrotum and notice the enlargement feels like a “bag of worms” Which of the following is highest on your differential diagnosis list?
A) Hydrocele B) Inguinal Hernia C) Spermatocele D) Varicocele E) Torsion of Spermatic Cord
D) Varicocele
Fasciae of the anteriolateral abdominal wall that invests the External Oblique Muscle?
a. Camper’s Layer
b. Scarpa’s Layer
c. Deep Facia
d. Transversalis facia
c. Deep Facia
Paige was performing an abdominal exam on yet another random person, this time in the parking lot of the grocery store. Paige noted a marked wince every time she touched the anterolateral abdominal wall and, elated, ran back to her car to get her stethoscope for further investigation. After some searching, Paige finally found the person again in the bakery section, rudely hiding behind the bread rack, and proceeded with her examination. Again the person winced when Paige laid her stethoscope on their belly. Paige declared victory and told the person “you have ACUTE ABDOMEN!” to which the poor fellow blushed and asked for her number. Which statement below best explains the randomness of this scenario?
a. The “patient” was possibly suffering from inflammation of the vermiform appendix, which caused irritation to the parietal peritoneum and, thus, the wincing/tenderness to palpation
b. As the person was not obese, the superficial abdominal reflex was fully intact and explained the patients normal “wince” response
c. Paige’s cold hands and stethoscope caused an involuntary muscle spasm known as “gaurding”
d. The patient was not supine, relaxed, hands at sides and pillow under knees
c. Paige’s cold hands and stethoscope caused an involuntary muscle spasm known as “gaurding”
The usual location for an appendectomy incision is the:
A. Left lower quadrant
B. Left upper quadrant
C. Right lower quadrant
D. Right upper quadrant
C. Right lower quadrant
You were asked to assist in a surgical operation on a 35 year old, male patient to treat an ulcer in the first part of the duodenum. You would expect that the surgeon will approach the ulcer by doing an anterior abdominal wall incision in the following region:
A. Epigastric
B. Left inguinal
C. Left lumbar
D. Right hypochondrial
A. Epigastric
From which vessel does the inferior epigastric artery originate?
Femoral artery
External iliac artery
Internal thoracic artery
Internal iliac artery
External iliac artery
A 12 year old male is seen in your office after confiding in his mother that his scrotum “isn’t right.” After your exam, you determine that his left testicle appears absent, and you are suspicious for cryptorchidism. After confirmation with imaging, you recommend that your patient undergo surgery due to the associated complications. What are you most concerned about?
a. He will be infertile later in life
b. This will eventually lead to painful ejaculation
c. He is at high risk for developing cancer.
d. He will likely experience delayed puberty.
c. He is at high risk for developing cancer.
When considering the innervation of the anterolateral abdomen, you know that the umbilical region is a good landmark for assessing where on the spinal cord the nerves are coming from. What level of the spinal cord is the umbilicus region innervated by?
a. T7
b. T9
c. T10
d. T12
e. L1
c. T10
Peter Piper presents to your clinic, and bashfully explains to you that his scrotum seems to be “not working correctly”. He explains that when he gets out of the hot shower and is exposed to the chilly air, only one of his testes retracts closer to his body. He’s worried that it could be something bad. He denies any loss of sensation. Which structure is responsible for changing the position of the testis due to temperature variation?
a. Ductus Deferens
b. Epididymis
c. Spermatic Cord
d. Inguinal ligament
e. Cremaster muscle
e. Cremaster muscle
