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Systems: MSK > Anatomy: Upper Limb 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy: Upper Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

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2
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Latissmus dorsi

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3
Q

What makes up the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Serratus anterior

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4
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertrabecular sulcus of the humerus

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5
Q

Axillary artery is a continuation of which artery?

A

Subclavian artery

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6
Q

At what point does the axillary artery begin ?

A

As it corsses the lateral border of the first rib

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7
Q

The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?

A

Brachial artery

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8
Q

At what anatomical point does the name of this vessel change?

A

Beyond the inferior border of the teres major muscle

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9
Q

The brachial plexus are formed by the ventral rami of which which spinal nerves?

A

C5-T1

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10
Q

What is erb’s point?

A

Where the cutaneous branches of the cervical branches exit and become superficial

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11
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of an erb’s palsy?

A

waiter’s tip appearance (medially rotated upper limb with writs flexed

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12
Q

What causes erb’s palsy?

A

Hyperextension of the head from the shoulder i.e. fall on the shoulder

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13
Q

Which group of muscles are affected in erb’s palsy?

A

Arm flexors - Biceps and Brachialis
Hand extensors
Abductors - Deltoid

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14
Q

What are the roots of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus ?

A

C5 and C6

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15
Q

What are the roots of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

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16
Q

Injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8 and T1) causes what?

A

Klumpke’s palsy

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17
Q

Which muscles are affected in Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers

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18
Q

Which injury causes Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Undue abduction of the arm

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19
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus named after?

A

Their position in relation to the axillary artery in the axilla

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20
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral root of median n.

Musculocutaneous nerve - innervates bicep

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21
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Medial pectoral
The ulnar nerve
The median nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
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22
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Thoracodorsal n.
Axillary n.
Radial n.
Subscapular n.

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23
Q

At what position on the dorsal venous arch does the cephalic vein arise?

A

The lateral end of the dorsal venous arch

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24
Q

At what position on the dorsal venous arch does the basillic vein arise?

A

medial end of the dorsal venous arch

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25
Q

What is the name of the vein which shunts blood from the cephalic vein to the basillic vein ?

A

The median cubital vein

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26
Q

Define a dermatome

A

The area of the kin supplied by one spinal segment

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27
Q

All lymphatic vessels from the upper limb drain into which nodes?

A

Axillary nodes (difficult to see in disected models)

28
Q

Which lymph node group would an infection in the little finger be involved in?

A

Axillary group

29
Q

Which lymph node group would a boil in the scapular region be involved in?

A

Axillary group

30
Q

Which lymph node group would an infection/cancer in the medial part of the breast be involved?

A

internal thoracic (internal mammary)

31
Q

Which lymph node group would an infection/cancer in the lateral part of the breast be involved?

A

Axillary nodes

32
Q

Which lymph node group would an infection around the umbillicus be involved and why ?

A

Axillary and Superficial inguinal due to dermatomal innervation

33
Q

The entire upper limb and pectoral girdle articulate at one small joint, which joint is this?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

34
Q

What are the 2 ends of the clavicle?

A

Sternal end

Acromial end

35
Q

What type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint (AC)?

A

Synovial plane joint

36
Q

What type of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular joint (SC) ?

A

Synovial plane joint with articular disc

37
Q

Define scapulo-humeral rhythm

A

Beyond 30 degrees abduction for every 3 degrees of abduction, 2 degrees occurs at the shoulder joint and 1 degree at the Scapula-thoracic joint (movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall) (2:1)

38
Q

What muscles are used when the scapula is elevated?

A

Rhomboids
Descending trapezius
Levator scapulae

39
Q

What muscles are used when the scapula is depressed?

A

Pectoralis minor
Ascending trapezius
Serratus anterior

40
Q

Which muscles are used during scapular protraction (forward movement) ?

A

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

41
Q

Which muscles are used during scapular retraction (backwards movement) ?

A

Trapezius and Rhomboids

42
Q

Which muscles are used during lateral upward rotation of the scapula ?

A

Inferior trapezius
Serratus anterior
Descending trapezius

43
Q

Which muscles are used during medial rotation of the scapula?

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Pectoralis minor

44
Q

The rim of cartilage found around the glenoid cavity is known as what?

A

Glenoid labrum

45
Q

What is the function of the rim of cartilage found around the glenoid cavity?

A

Slightly deepens the articulation point of the scapula with the humerus

46
Q

The coracohumeral ligament strengthens which aspect of the shoulder joint capsule?

A

The upper aspect

47
Q

The coraco-acromial arch is made up from what ?

A

Acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula and the coraco-acromial ligament

48
Q

Which bursa comes into contact with the glenoid cavity ?

A

Subscapular bursa

49
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres minor
Subscapularis

50
Q

What movements of the glenohumeral joint are allowed by the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Lateral rotation
Medial rotation
Abduction to 15 degrees

51
Q

What is an important role of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Stabilizes the glenohumeral joint by pulling it into the glenoid cavity

52
Q

What movements does the anterior fibres of the deltoid allow ?

A

Flex and medially rotate the shoulder joint

53
Q

What movements does the middle fibres of the deltoid allow?

A

Abduction at the shoulder joint (past 15 degrees its the supraspinatous muscle)

54
Q

What movements does the posterior fibres of the deltoid allow?

A

Extends and laterally rotates the shoulder joints

55
Q

What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

56
Q

Which injury often traps the axillary nerve?

A

Anterior shoulder dislocation

57
Q

What movements does pertoralis major allow at the shoulder joint ?

A

adduct and medially rotate the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

58
Q

Which vein sits in the deltopectoral triangle and what is the clinical significance of this ?

A

Cephalic vein

Central line insertion

59
Q

What is the nerve supply to the serratus anterior ?

A

Long thoracic nerve

60
Q

During which surgery is the long thoracic nerve often damaged?

A

Radical mastectomies

61
Q

The superior fibres of the trapezius _______ the scapula

A

elevate

62
Q

The middle fibres of the trapezius _________ the scapula

A

Retract

63
Q

The inferior fibres of the trapezius ________ the scapula

A

depress

64
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the trapezius ?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

65
Q

What are the actions of teres major on the shoulder?

A

Medial rotation and adduction

66
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint ?

A

medial rotation, extension and adduction

Systems: MSK (3 decks)

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