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Term 2: Midterm/finals > Ancient China > Flashcards

Ancient China Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Ancient China develop differently?

A

Natural barriers: isolated (little cultural influence)

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2
Q

What did Ancient China’s isolation help them with?

A

Unify culture/firm foundation

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3
Q

What are the main natural barriers of Ancient China?

A

Vast deserts, Seas, Mountain ranges

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4
Q

In what ways in terms of land are Ancient China similar to Mesopotamia?

A

Land between rivers

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5
Q

What are the two major rivers of Ancient China?

A

Huang He, Chang Jiang (Yangtze)

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6
Q

What is another name for Huang He?

A

Yellow river

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7
Q

Why is Huang He known as the yellow river?

A

Yellow, fertile silt (farmland)

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8
Q

What is the disadvantage of Huang He?

A

Unpredictable (flood)

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9
Q

In what ways is Chang Jiang similar to Huang He?

A

Yellow silt

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10
Q

What purpose have the two rivers of Ancient China played?

A

Transportation/trade network

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11
Q

What is the area between the two rivers in Ancient China called?

A

North China plain (birthplace of civilization)

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12
Q

What have archaeologists discovered from Ancient China’s culture?

A

Carved jade objects

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13
Q

What is a dynasty

A

Rulers from same family

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14
Q

What was the society order of the Shang dynasty?

A

Kings –> Warlords –> Farmers

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15
Q

What did the Shang people develop?

A

Writing (basis of modern writing, 3000 characters)

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16
Q

What did the Shang writing first appear on?

A

Oracle bones

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17
Q

What is an oracle bone?

A

Animal bones used to talk with gods they worshipped (Heat–> pattern of cracks is gods answer)

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18
Q

What did the Shang people believe about spirits?

A

Influenced everything (king’s health..etc)

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19
Q

To keep the spirits happy, the Shang conducted special ceremonies. What was often used?

A

Bronze vessels (craftsmen: tombs for dead)

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20
Q

After the Shang dynasty began to weaken, who took control?

A

Zhou

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21
Q

What did the rise of Zhou also indicate?

A

Beginning of classical period

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22
Q

What concept did the Zhou newly create?

A

Mandate of Heaven

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23
Q

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

A

King could rule if gods thought he was worthy

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24
Q

What did the Mandate of Heaven lead to?

A

Dynasty cycle (rise and fall of dynasties)

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25
Q

Why was the last Zhou king overthrown?

A

Zhou divided land and became too powerful

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26
Q

What was the era of constant war in Ancient China called? (Zhou)

A

Warring States period

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27
Q

How did the Warring States period end?

A

Leader of Qin kingdom defeated every kingdom

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28
Q

Who was the leader of the Qin kingdom?

A

Ying Zheng

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29
Q

What did Ying Zheng do?

A

Unite kingdoms (empire) –Brought order

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30
Q

How did Shi Huangdi establish his government?

A

Legalist ideas

30
Q

What did Ying Zheng call himself?

A

Shi Huangdi (first emperor)

31
Q

Where did Shi Huangdi create his capital?

A

Xianyang

32
Q

Why did Shi Huangdi build magnificent palaces?

A

Demonstrate power

33
Q

How did Shi Huangdi divide his empire?

A

36 areas ruled by officials he elected

34
Q

Who built the Great Wall of China?

A

Peasants

35
Q

Who did the backbreaking labor in extreme conditions when building the Great Wall of China?

A

Soldiers and prisoners

36
Q

Why was the Great Wall of China created?

A

Keep out invaders

37
Q

What did Shi Huangdi build other than roads?

A

Canal and irrigation systems (infrastructure)

38
Q

What was Shi Huangdi’s fear of spirits?

A

Evil spirits could attack him in the afterlife (murder)

39
Q

What did Shi Huangdi have that helped him protect himself from evil spirits that could possibly attack him in the afterlife?

A

Terra Cotta

40
Q

What are terra cotta?

A

Warriors buried beside his tomb to protect him

41
Q

Who was Confucius?

A

Philosopher

42
Q

What did Confucius believe?

A

Chinese society was breaking down by conflict (respect authority)

43
Q

What was Confucius’s teachings the basis of?

A

Confucianism

44
Q

What were the five duties and responsibilities in the 5 relationships of Confucianism?

A

Father & Son
Older brother & Younger brother
Husband & Wife
Friend & Friend
Ruler & Subject

45
Q

What did Confucius promote?

A

Education, family unity, filial piety

46
Q

What is filial piety?

A

Respect to authority

47
Q

Who found the belief in Daoism?

A

Laozi

48
Q

What is Daoism?

A

Living in harmony with family & dao (way)

49
Q

How does Daoism seek order?

A

Merging/blending with nature

50
Q

What is legalism?

A

Order through strong government/laws

51
Q

The founder was said to be Han Feizi, what did he believe about people and legalism?

A

People were naturally bad (need to be controlled)

52
Q

What does the symbol of Daoists, Yin (dark) and Yang (white), explain about the world?

A

Opposite forces form a whole

53
Q

How did the Qin dynasty collapse?

A

Shi Huangdi’s son was weak ruler, farmers escaped death –> rebellion

54
Q

Who seized control after the Qin dynasty collapsed?

A

Liu Bang

55
Q

What dynasty did Liu Bang create?

A

Han dynasty

56
Q

What did the Han dynasty use as a guide for laws?

A

Confucianism

57
Q

How did the Han dynasty elect officials?

A

Pass an examination

58
Q

How did the rulers of the Han dynasty establish their government?

A

Bureaucracy (appointed officials)

59
Q

What was empress Lu famous for?

A

First empress to rule Ancient China (restricted women)

60
Q

How did Empress Lu’s family members were never able to rule in her place?

A

Rival courts executed them

61
Q

What did Emperor Wudi do?

A

Military conquests to expand empire

62
Q

What did most of Ancient China worked as?

A

Farmers

63
Q

What are inventions that Ancient China created?

A

Paper, compass, silk, iron, philosophy

64
Q

What was the benefit of the creation of paper?

A

Ideas to spread

65
Q

What purpose did the first compass serve?

A

Best location for burials (soon for navigation)

66
Q

Since many of Ancient China’s civilians worked as farmers, what inventions benefited them?

A

Early agricultural inventions (improved plow, wheelbarrow, harness)

67
Q

What are the series of international trade routes called?

A

Silk roads (included maritime/sea routes)

68
Q

What did they use to move when crossing the silk roads in Ancient China?

A

Camels

69
Q

What were the group of traders in Ancient China who rode Camels, and crossed silk roads, called?

A

Caravans

70
Q

What is Confucius’s opinion on legalism?

A

People won’t know whats right and wrong

71
Q

What did traders often do to trade?

A

Bartered (exchange goods)

72
Q

What did the silk road lead to?

A

Cultural diffusion

73
Q

What was the chief religion that appealed to the Chinese?

A

Buddhism

Term 2: Midterm/finals (8 decks)

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