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Social Studies > Ancient China > Flashcards

Ancient China Flashcards

1
Q

Gobi Desert location

A

Northeast

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2
Q

Gobi Desert pros

A

Protection from invaders

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3
Q

Gobi Desert cons

A

Difficulty traveling, extreme temperatures, limited water

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4
Q

North China Plain (northeast) pros

A

Good for farming, grazing for livestock, easy to travel across

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5
Q

Pacific Ocean location

A

East to China

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6
Q

Pacific Ocean pros

A

Good for fishing, travel and trade

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7
Q

Pacific Ocean cons

A

May have caused storms

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8
Q

Himalayas and Qinling Shandi (mountains) location

A

South and North (H + QS)

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9
Q

Mountains pros

A

Provided protection, freshwater source (melted snow)

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10
Q

Mountains cons

A

Made it hard to travel and trade

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11
Q

Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze Rivers locations

A

Yangtze in the south, Huang He right above

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12
Q

River pros

A

Provided silt and water for crops

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13
Q

River cons

A

Caused floods, boat accidents, spread diseases

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14
Q

Climate

A

NW = Dry and cold
NE = Dry
SE = Wet and extremely cold

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15
Q

Climate cons

A

Could lead to floods or droughts, depending

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16
Q

Climate pros

A

Could help crops thrive

17
Q

Social Caste system from top to bottom

A

Emperor, Peasants, Artisans, Merchants

18
Q

How were the social classes split?

A

By their contribution to society

19
Q

Emperor

A

Thought to be appointed by heaven (heaven mandate), didn’t need to listen to people, ruled from palace in the capital

20
Q

Nobles

A

Lived well - luxuriously and comfortably, well respected because of position and education, 2 most senior nobles = advisors for emperor

21
Q

Officials

A

An extended family of the emperor, status changed depending on the emperor, excelled in different fields
(military most common), got royal protection in return for giving some money from their salary to the emperor, sometimes were landowners or collected taxes

22
Q

Peasants/farmers

A

Worked hard under harsh conditions, they were respected because they provided food for the people, harsh conditions sometimes destroyed crops
Some women worked outside - rarely, women primarily weaved and sewed clothes, sometimes, they sold the clothes for extra money if enough, had to pay taxes — no matter what

23
Q

Artisans

A

Painters, potters, carpenters, jewelry makers, metal workers, earned more than farmers but less than merchants, no high social status, respected for skills in their trade, metal workers = very important in the Han period, they learned to work with molds instead of shaping the metal while hot, made things from weapons to pots, weavers worked with silk

24
Q

Merchants

A

Not respected because they were thought to only work for their own gain, were money lenders, animal breeders, and traders

25
Q

Daoism

A

‘Go with the flow’, lived in harmony with the Dao (the way), Dao was the guiding force of reality, focused on the natural world and humans should not interfere with it, believed there should be no government

26
Q

Legalism

A

Believed that were naturally bad and needed to be restrained by strict and harsh laws, political philosophy, dealt with social control

27
Q

Confucianism

A

Ideas from Confucius, believed in good ethics and moral values, leaders/fathers should lead by example, made China peaceful

28
Q

What were illnesses believed to be caused by?

A

When yin and yang were out of balance

29
Q

What did the Han people do to help cure pains and illnesses?

A

Acupuncture and moxibustion

30
Q

What is acupuncture?

A

Placing needled into the skin to clear the mind and relieve pain

31
Q

What is moxibustion?

A

Burning leaves close to the skin

32
Q

What did the Han listen to to find whether a patient was ill?

A

Heartbeat

33
Q

What was one medical thing that the Han found?

A

Blood pumps through the heart

34
Q

What did the Han learn scientifically?

A

The moon’s source of light, what causes solar eclipses, they also recorded comets

35
Q

What are some major inventions from the Han period?

A

The magnetic compass and seismograph

36
Q

Ancient seismograph

A

Made of bronze, had a pendulum, could detect earthquakes up to 100 miles away

37
Q

What were magnetic compasses used for?

A

Making temples, homes, and graves in the right direction for good fortune

Social Studies (2 decks)

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