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M2 T1 Finals > Ancient Greeks > Flashcards

Ancient Greeks Flashcards

1
Q

Where was the origin of Greek civilizations?

A

Crete

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2
Q

When did Neolithic farmers expand agriculture? (B.C.)

A

7000 B.C.

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3
Q

On 7000 B.C., who expands agriculture of Ancient Greece?

A

Neolithic farmers

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4
Q

What civilization emerged in 2000 B.C. on Ancient Greece?

A

Minoans

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5
Q

Why did historians make up myths of Minoans even though some written records were left?

A

Couldn’t read Minoan language (Hieroglyphs)

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6
Q

What are myths?

A

Old stories

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7
Q

Where does the name Minoans come from?

A

Mythical Cretan king, Minos

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8
Q

What did the Cretan king, Minos built under his palace?

A

Labyrinth

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9
Q

What lived in the labyrinth?

A

Minotaur

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10
Q

What kind of creature is a minotaur?

A

Half-man, half-bull

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11
Q

According to the myth, what was Minotaur offered?

A

Regular sacrifices of unlucky humans

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12
Q

What is something that is scientifically proven about the labyrinth and the cretan king, and what he does?

A

Worship bulls and perform sacrifices

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13
Q

What was the strength of the Minoans?

A

Expert sailors

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14
Q

What did Minoans import from trade?

A

Raw materials

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15
Q

Why did Minoans not built walls around the cities?

A

-Felt safe
-Strong navy

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16
Q

What patrolled the seas to protect the Minoans?

A

Navy

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17
Q

Why did Minoans create a sea navy?

A

Crete was an island

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18
Q

What volcano erupted during the decline of Minoan civilization?

A

Thira (1600 B.C.)

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19
Q

What palace was the center of Crete?

A

Knossos

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20
Q

Why did some people think that Knossos, Crete’s palace, was his labyrinth?

A

Size and complexity of the palace

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21
Q

What was the center of Minoan culture, religion, and economy?

A

Knossos

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22
Q

What was the religion of Minoans?

A

Polytheistic

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23
Q

When does the Minoan civilization fall? (B.C.)

A

1500 B.C.

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24
Q

What primary source did Historians use to study Minoan culture? (ex. forms of worship involving bull-leaping, boxing, wrestling, and dancing as well as sacrifices to pacify the gods)

A

Life-like Minoan wallpaintings

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25
Q

On 2000 B.C., who were the people who came from farther east and settled in mainland Greece?

A

Mycenaeans

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26
Q

What B.C. did Mycenaeans settle in mainland Greece?

A

2000 B.C.

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27
Q

Where did Mycenaeans settle?

A

Mainland Greece

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28
Q

Where did Mycenaeans come from?

A

Farther east

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29
Q

What was the main city of the Mycenaeans called?

A

Mycenae

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30
Q

What did Mycenaeans pick up influence from?

A

Minoans

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31
Q

What language did Mycenaeans speak?

A

Early Greek

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32
Q

What B.C. did Mycenaeans invade Minoans?

A

1500 B.C.

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33
Q

Where did Mycenaeans invade at 1500 B.C.?

A

Minoans

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34
Q

What did Mycenaeans do after they invaded Minoans?

A

Copy Minoan culture

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35
Q

What did elements of Minoans and Mycenaeans culture become a foundation of?

A

Greek civilization

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36
Q

What did Mycenaeans do in 1450 B.C. to Minoans?

A

Conquered them

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37
Q

Where did Mycenaeans seize lands of?

A

Eastern Mediterranean and Greece

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38
Q

Why was the city of Mycenae built on top of a hill?

A

Could see things faraway (ex. enemies)

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39
Q

What was the city of Mycenae surrounded by?

A

Stone walls

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40
Q

Why did later Greeks believe that the city of Mycenae was built by mythical giants called Cyclopes?

A

Huge

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41
Q

What did later Greeks believe that the city of Mycenae was built by?

A

Cyclopes

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42
Q

Who were cyclopes?

A

Mythical giants

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43
Q

What did a network of good roads connect Mycenae to?

A

Other important cities

44
Q

Where did Mycenaean farmers live?

A

Simple mud houses (countryside)

45
Q

Where did important officials, scribes, and merchants live?

A

Three-story stone houses (cities)

46
Q

Where did elite warriors live?

A

Fine houses

47
Q

What did Mycenaean kings give elite warriors?

A

Land to rule

48
Q

What made Mycenaean kings rich?

A

Extensive trade and wars

49
Q

What B.C. was the height of the power of Mycenaean civilization?

A

1200 B.C.

50
Q

How long did the Mycenaean civilization decline last until? (B.C.)

A

950 B.C.

51
Q

Why couldn’t historians gather reasons for the collapse of Mycenaean civilization?

A

Mycenaeans stopped writing written records (No primary source)

52
Q

What mask was discovered in 1876 in Mycenae?

A

Mask of Agamemnon

53
Q

What was the mask of Agamemnon named after by?

A

Mythical greek king

54
Q

What face did the mask of Agamemnon did historians believe without specific evidence?

A

Mycenaean leader

55
Q

When was the mask of Agamemnon discovered in Mycenae?

A

1876

56
Q

On 750 B.C., who emerged to lived in Ancient Greece and created poems?

A

Homer

57
Q

Who was Homer?

A

Blind bard (poet)

58
Q

What did Homer create that was two of the world’s greatest stories?

A

Iliad and Odyssey

59
Q

What did Homer include in epic poems?

A

A hero

60
Q

What did Homer’s poem show?

A

How gods/goddesses influence human lives

61
Q

What did Homer’s poems unite Greeks through?

A

Pride in shared past

62
Q

What was the setting of Homer’s poems?

A

Trojan war

63
Q

What was the trojan war fought between?

A

Greeks and the Anatolian city of Troy (1200 B.C.)

64
Q

What did Iliad tell the events of?

A

Final weeks of the trojan war

65
Q

According to Iliad, why did the Trojan war start?

A

Prince of Troy ran away with Helen

66
Q

Who was, according to Iliad, Helen?

A

Wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta

67
Q

What did Odyssey tell the events of?

A

-Journey to recover Helen with Trojan horse (huge wooden horse)
-Journey after war

68
Q

Who was the hero in Odyssey?

A

Odysseus

69
Q

During the journey after the war, according to Odyssey, who did he encounter?

A

-One-eyed cyclopes
-Siren (women that sings to lure people to crash ships to rocks)

70
Q

According to Odyssey, what did the trojan horse (huge wooden horse) have inside?

A

Odysseus and his men

71
Q

Why did Historians believe that the Trojan war may have existed?

A

-Troy destroyed
-Description of Troy matched (1820s)

72
Q

Why did ancient Greeks build cities near coastlines?

A

Trade

73
Q

Where did Ancient Greeks build cities for trade?

A

Near coastlines

74
Q

Why did Ancient Greeks build cities on hilltops?

A

Defense

75
Q

Where did Ancient Greeks built cities on?

A

Hilltops

76
Q

What was the highest point of city in Ancient Greece?

A

Acropolis

77
Q

What was the acropolis?

A

Stone-walled fortress

78
Q

What was used as the last line of defense against invasions?

A

Acropolis

79
Q

Why was acropolis used as the last line of defense against invasions?

A

Can see everything

80
Q

What was the open space that served as marketplace and social center in Ancient Greece called?

A

Agora

81
Q

What did the Agora do in Ancient Greece?

A

Served as marketplace and social center

82
Q

What was the most powerful Greek city-state called?

A

Polis

83
Q

What influence how city-states developed in Ancient Greek?

A

Geographic isolation

84
Q

What did people struggle with because of the geographic location of Ancient Greece?

A

-Agriculture/farming
-Trade/communication

85
Q

What did each city-state of Ancient Greece have?

A

Own sets of customs/laws

86
Q

What did the people of Ancient Greece city-states identify themselves as?

A

Athenians or Spartans

87
Q

What was the governing style of city-states in Ancient Greece?

A

-Monarchy
-Aristocracy
-Tyrants
-Oligarchy

88
Q

What is a monarchy?

A

Ruled by one person

89
Q

What is an aristocracy?

A

Ruled by small group of powerful families

90
Q

Why did the aristocratic rule lead to tension and fighting, and civil strife?

A

Uneven distribution of wealth

91
Q

Who took advantage of the situation in the aristocratic rule?

A

Tyrants

92
Q

Who were tyrants?

A

Powerful men (took power illegally)

93
Q

What did merchants form to get rid of tyrants?

A

Oligarchy

94
Q

What is an oligarchy?

A

Ruled by powerful citizens

95
Q

What did leaders of city-states do to control population?

A

-War for space
-Reduce population

96
Q

How did leaders of city-states reduce their population?

A

Establish new colonies

97
Q

What is a colony?

A

Area controlled by distant ruler

98
Q

How did city-states choose colonists?

A

Lottery

99
Q

What did city-states prevent colonists to do?

A

Return to Ancient Greece

100
Q

What type of government was the colonists?

A

Self-govern (but maintain contact with parent city-states)

101
Q

What purpose did colonists serve to Ancient Greece?

A

-Access to land and resources
-(secure and control trade routs)

102
Q

What flourished in colonies near black or mediterranean sea?

A

Sea trade

103
Q

Who sent Greece raw resources to trade?

A

Expert sailors on well-built merchant ships

104
Q

What did wide-range of sea trade encourage?

A

Cultural diffusion (ex. Change Phoenician alphabet to create modern alphabet)

105
Q

Why was mediterranean and black seas easy to navigate?

A

-Positioned near good harbors

M2 T1 Finals (1 decks)

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