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Term 2: Midterm/finals > Ancient Rome > Flashcards

Ancient Rome Flashcards

1
Q

Where does Italy lie on in the Mediterranean Sea?

A

Peninsula

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2
Q

What is a peninsula?

A

Land surrounded by water

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3
Q

What mounatain was a natural barrier which protected Italy?

A

Alps (Snow-covered mountains)

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4
Q

What are the two mountains of Italy?

A

Apennines and Alps

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5
Q

What river was Rome’s key crossing point?

A

Tiber River

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6
Q

What were Rome’s most common trade goods?

A

Oil and wine

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7
Q

What served as a protection, religion, and government center for Rome?

A

Seven hills

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8
Q

What did Rome’s fertile soil, good water supply, and mild climate help flourish?

A

Agriculture (support population)

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9
Q

Romans loved stories/legends, especially bloody ones with great heroes. But what was one popular legend that linked Rome to the great civilization of Ancient Greece?

A

Founding of Rome

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10
Q

Who was the Trojan hero in the legend?

A

Aeneas

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11
Q

Who was Aeneas’s twin brothers?

A

Romulus and Remus

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12
Q

How was Rome created based on the legend of the founding of Rome?

A

Brothers found a city and Romulus became first king, naming it Rome

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13
Q

What were Rome’s original residents?

A

Latin

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14
Q

Where did the Latin people come from?

A

Latium (around Tiber river)

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15
Q

Why were the Latins often at war with one another in the early days?

A

Not united

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16
Q

Who mostly influenced early Rome?

A

Greeks (South) and Etruscans (North)

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17
Q

How did the Greeks help Romans learn important advances in agriculture, (grow olives) architecture, and learning (modified Greek alphabet, epic poem)?

A

Travel & trade (colonies)

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18
Q

How did the Etruscans help Rome learn to trade, metalwork, and engineer?

A

Kings came to rule and brought skills with them

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19
Q

How did the Etruscans influence architecture?

A

Mud houses –> Stone houses

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20
Q

What did the Etruscans build in Rome? (the first ___)

A

Temples, public buildings

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21
Q

What is a republic?

A

Citizens that vote for leaders

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22
Q

What was the Roman society divided into?

A

Patricians and plebeians

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23
Q

Who were the patricians?

A

Wealthy landowners

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24
Q

Who were the citizens in Rome?

A

Free adult men

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25
Q

Who were the plebeians?

A

Poorer farmers and craftsmen (majority)

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26
Q

What did the patricians do after the plebians started a rebellion (left city, shut down shops/businesses)?

A

-Tribunes (plebeians select own representatives)
-Twelve tables (law inscribed on bronze tablets)

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27
Q

What did the twelve tables (basis of laws today) help all Roman citizens from?

A

Injustice

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28
Q

What branches did Rome’s new representative government contain?

A

-Executive branch
-Legislative branch
-Judicial branch

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29
Q

What did the executive branch do in Ancient Rome?

A

Led government/army

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30
Q

What did the legislative branch do in Ancient Rome?

A

Made laws

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31
Q

What did the judicial branch do in Ancient Rome?

A

Applied laws

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32
Q

How did the Romans prevent any branch from becoming too powerful?

A

-Checks and balances
-Consuls (two leaders instead of king)

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33
Q

How long did the power of the Consuls have?

A

1 year

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34
Q

Since the power of the consuls were shared, what did they have the right to do?

A

Veto (reject each other’s decisions)

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35
Q

What was the legislative branch made up of?

A

Senate (advised consuls)–valued skill

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36
Q

Who was one of Rome’s most brilliant speakers? (senate)

A

Cicero (attack those believed to be a threat to public)

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37
Q

In time of crisis, what did Romans appoint who had complete control but expected to give up power after danger had passed?

A

Dictators

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38
Q

Who was Ancient Rome’s most valued dictator?

A

Cincinnatus (Romans valued idea of civic duty)

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39
Q

How did the actions of Cincinnatus in time of crisis (took charge, accepted discatorship, defeat enemy, surrender power to return to farm), influence the Romans?

A

-Civic duty (service to community>personal interest)

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40
Q

Who was the tyrant and the Etruscan king of Rome?

A

Tarquin the Proud

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41
Q

What was Rome’s oldest road that looped through the Forum?

A

Via Sacra

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42
Q

Along the Via sacra, why did the kings of Rome build a royal residence, shops, houses, and temples?

A

Many gods and goddesses

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43
Q

What did the Forum in seven hills become the center of?

A

Important religious (temples for gods..etc), political (economic), and social activities [shop, see performances (spectacles)..etc] center

44
Q

What was the Forum’s treasury that helped grow riches; moreover, was dedicated to one of the important gods?

A

Temple of Saturn

45
Q

Where was the meeting place of the Roman Senate?

A

Curia (displayed Twelve tables there)

46
Q

What sort of society was Rome?

A

Patriarchy

47
Q

What is a patriarchy

A

Men has all the power

48
Q

What was the head of every family? (Had lots of control)

A

Paterfamilias (senior male)

49
Q

Who were the teachers in a wealthy Roman school?

A

Greek slaves

50
Q

How were mistakes treated in Ancient Rome?

A

Beating

51
Q

What age were boys, men?

A

17

52
Q

In Ancient Rome, what was a woman’s main role?

A

Good wife/mother

53
Q

What age were girls able to marry in Ancient Rome?

A

12

54
Q

Some girls from wealthy families learned basic reading, writing, and arithmetic at home; however, what did girls mostly learn at home?

A

Household skills

55
Q

What was the purpose of marriages in Ancient Rome?

A

Arranged to benefit family

56
Q

What laws were not there to help children grow up in Ancient Rome?

A

Protect children

57
Q

What was at the top of the society who owned most of the land and dominated the government?

A

Aristocracy

58
Q

What was aristocracy?

A

Small group of wealthy patricians

59
Q

What was at the bottom of the society?

A

Slaves

60
Q

Where did wealthy families live in?

A

Luxurious country estates

61
Q

Where did poor Romans live in?

A

Small farms

62
Q

The wealthy often used their money to buy up land and create farms by slaves, what did this encourage?

A

Forced farmers off farms (into city; overcrowded buildings, low wages)

63
Q

What did poor Romans use to eat?

A

Cheap pottery bowls

64
Q

How did the plebeians finally achieve political equality?

A

Council of plebs allowed to make laws for citizens

65
Q

What was the council of plebs?

A

Plebeian representative assembly

66
Q

Where did slaves from Rome mostly come from?

A

Foreign traders (sometimes prisoners)

67
Q

Why were slaves extremely useful?

A

Help with Rome’s economy

68
Q

What was the famous slave who had the famous rebellion in 73 B.C. for 2 years?

A

Spartacus

69
Q

What building was the place to worship group of many gods in rome?

A

Pantheon

70
Q

What were Roman gods believed to have?

A

Human traits

71
Q

What stored all the religious festivals that attracted huge audiences by colorful processions, feats, music/dance, theater, and sports?

A

The Roman calendar

72
Q

The Romans considered Greek virtues of beauty, grace, and elegance as nice but not essential. What qualities did they prefer instead?

A

Discipline, strength, loyalty

73
Q

How did discipline and strength help Romans?

A

Endure hardship/overcome problems

74
Q

How did loyalty help Romans?

A

Brought strong individuals together into more powerful groups

75
Q

What does gravitas mean?

A

Being solemn and serious

76
Q

What were the qualities of Rome came to be known as?

A

The Roman Way

77
Q

Who was the consul who found himself short of recruits, but solved the problem by reorganizing and allowing people to volunteer?

A

Marius

78
Q

What were professional soldiers in the Roman army known as?

A

Legionaries

79
Q

What did a recruit in the roman army had to pass?

A

Physical inspection

80
Q

What was the legion’s revered flag?

A

Eagle (oath to public)

81
Q

At the end of each day, soldiers built a fortified camp with deep ditches with high walls. What was the walls called?

A

Palisades

82
Q

What was Phoenician in Latin called?

A

Punic

83
Q

What was the city that was immensely rich and established colonies and trading ports around the western Meditteranean?

A

Carthage

84
Q

Where did the First Punic War broke out?

A

Island of Sicily

85
Q

Who was the Carthaginian general (after father) who was taught to hate Rome, and almost won the second Punic War by attacking one of Rome’s allies?

A

Hannibal

86
Q

What were the “battle tanks” of Hannibal’s war?

A

War elephants

87
Q

What was Hannibal famous for in the second punic war?

A

Crossing alps mountain with elephants

88
Q

Why couldn’t Hannibal win the Second Punic War?

A

Scipio (Roman general) invaded Carthage (Hannibal’s homeland)

89
Q

Who was the Roman statesman who visited Carthage and was alarmed by their wealth (by trade)?

A

Cato the Elder

90
Q

How did the Romans win the last fight between the Carthage?

A

Siege (surround and block food supply)

91
Q

What was the Romans effective tool that allowed them to attack and shatter their walls?

A

Catapult

92
Q

How were the Carthage survivors in the last fight between Rome get treated as?

A

Slaves

93
Q

After the battle of Zama (the second punic war) between the Carthage and Rome, what was Carthage and its adjoining lands called?

A

Roman province of Africa

94
Q

After the battle of Zama (the second punic war), that Romans won between the Carthage, what was the Iberian peninsula that the Carthaginians originally controlled, called?

A

Roman province of Hispania

95
Q

Who launched the first Macedonian War between Rome?

A

Philip V (Rome focused on Hannibal –> forced to make peace)

96
Q

What was the flaw of the Macedonian Phalanx during the first Macedonian War?

A

Lacked flexibility of legion of Romans

97
Q

How did the Roman generals use the wealth that they got from conquering?

A

Buy large areas of farmland

98
Q

Who was the tribune who proposed a bill to take land from the rich and give it to the poor for farming, but ended up assassinated? (Made Senate angry–approved by plebian assembly first)

A

Tiberius Gracchus

99
Q

Who was the brother of the tribune that got assassinated, and tried to introduce reforms or changes to make things better for the senate, and ended up assassinated?

A

Gaius Gracchus

100
Q

Who was the general who created a civil war (between groups of same country) and fought Marius, announcing himself dictator after winning twice?

A

Sulla

101
Q

Who were the two generals given extraordinary powers and combined armies to stop the slave rebellion (spartacus) and ended up becoming consuls? (soon unpopular with Senate for too much power)

A

Pompey and Crassus

102
Q

After Julius Caesar became popular, what did Pompey and Crassus do?

A

Made Caesar consul (alliance)

103
Q

After Caesar became consul after Pompey and Crassus made him, they started sharing power between three people, what was that called?

A

First Triumvirate

104
Q

After Crassus died, who became sole consul?

A

Pompey

105
Q

After Pompey became sole consul, how did Caesar regain his control as consul?

A

Civil war with his army (dictator for life)

106
Q

The senate hated Julius Caesar’s way of control, so what did they do?

A

Assassinate him (soon monarchy –> Empire)

Term 2: Midterm/finals (8 decks)

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