1.2 Animal and plant cells Flashcards
ribosomes
The area where protein synthesis takes place. All proteins needed in the cells are made here
Mitochondria
Organelles that release the most energy during respiration
cytoplasm
Liquid gel where chemical reactions occur. Respiration occurs here.
nucleus
controls the functions and activities of a cell, contains genetic information to build new cells or organisms
cell wall
Made of cellulose for strength and support
chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight so the plant can create food via photosynthesis
cell membrane
Controls passage of substances in and out of the cell
Vacuole
Space in the cytoplasm filled with sap (sugar and salt solution) which keeps cells rigid
Explain why plant and animal cells are similar and explain why plant cells have a adapted differently to animal cells
- nucleus controls activity of cell
- cell membrane controls what goes in and out of cell
- Respiration takes place in the mitochondria
- Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes
- Cytoplasm is where chemical reactions take place
Plant cells
- cell wall to support the structure of the cell
- vacuole contains cell sap to support the cell
- chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place to make glucose.
Describe the main function of the cell wall
, vacuole and chloroplasts
Cell wall strengthens cell and provides support. Chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Permanent vacuole keeps cells rigid to support plant.
Suggest why the nucleus and mitochondria are so important in all cells
Nucleus
controls all cell activities
contains instructions for making new cells or new organisms
mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration
releasing energy for the cell
Suggest two cells that are unlikely to have chloroplasts and why they don’t have any
root cells – no exposure to light
cells in flowers of plants – their function is not to photosynthesise
What types of substances does the cell membrane control the passage of in and out of the cell?
Glucose, mineral ions, hormones and urea
