Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Communicable Diseases > Animal And Plant Pathogens > Flashcards

Animal And Plant Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

what are pathogens?

A

an organism which causes disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the four types of pathogens?

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • virus
  • protoctista
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many people die each year from communicable diseases?

A

13 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do all bacteria cause disease?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of cell are bacteria?

A

prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two ways of classifying bacteria?

A
  1. by their basic shapes.
  2. by their cell walls.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the different basic shapes that bacteria may be?

A
  • rod shaped (bacilli)
  • spherical shaped (cocci)
  • comma shape (vibrios)
  • spiralled shape (spirillia)
  • corkscrew (spirochaetes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two main types of bacterial cell walls?

A
  • gram positive bacteria
  • gram negative bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can you determine the type of bacterial cell wall bacteria has?

A

gram staining.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why is t useful to know the type of cell wall bacteria has?

A

the type of cell wall affects how bacteria react to different antibiotics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are antibiotics?

A

compounds that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are viruses alive?

A

no. they are non-living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what diameter do viruses have?

A

0.02-0.03 um in diameter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how much smaller in length are viruses compared to bacteria?

A

50 times smaller in length.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the basic structure of a virus?

A

some genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do viruses infect cells?

A

they invade living cells and the genetic material of the virus takes over the healthy cell to make other viruses. they reproduce rapdly until the cell bursts and genetic information is spread to other healthy cells. they evolve by developing adaptions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

are all naturally occuring viruses pathogenic?

A

yes.

18
Q

what are bacteriophages?

A

when a virus infects bacteria.

19
Q

how are bacteriophages used now?

A

to identify and treat some diseases. they are also useful for scientific research.

20
Q

what do scientists consider to be the ultimate parasites?

A

viruses.

21
Q

what is another name for protoctista?

A

protista

22
Q

what are protoctista?

A

a group of eukaryotic organisms with a wide variety of feeding methods.

23
Q

are all protoctista pathogenic?

A

no - only a small percentage are pathogenic.

24
Q

are protoctista parasitic?

A

yes

25
Q

what does parasitic mean?

A

they use people and animals as their host organism.

26
Q

how are protoctista trasferred between their hosts?

A
  • vectors.
  • may enter the body directly as a result of polluted water.
27
Q

are fungal problems worse for humans or plants?

A

plants.

28
Q

are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic and often multicellular.

29
Q

are the fungi that cause yeast multicellular or unicellular?

A

single celled.

30
Q

are fungi saprophytes?

A

yes

31
Q

what does it mean to be a saprophyte?

A

they feed on dead and decaying matter.

32
Q

how do fungi digest their food?

A

they cannot photosynthesise and digest their food extracellularly before absorbing the nutrients.

33
Q

which type of fungi causes disease?

A

parasitic fungi

34
Q

how does fungi kill a plant?

A

fungal infections often affect the leaves of a plant so they stop them from photosynthesising and so can quickly kill a plant.

35
Q

how does fungi spread?

A

they produce millions of tiny spores when they reproduce which means they can spread rapidly and widely through crop plants.

36
Q

what causes the symptoms of disease?

A
  • pathogen damages the tissues of the host organism.
  • the body responds to the damage.
37
Q

how do viruses attack and damage host tissues?

A

viruses take over cell metabolism. viral genetic material gets into the host cell and is inserted into the host DNA. the virus uses this cell to make new viruses which burst out of the cell, destroying the cell and infecting others.

38
Q

how do protoctista damage host cells?

A

they take over cells and break them open as the new generation emerge. they do this to digest and use cell contents as they reproduce, rather than taking over the genetic material of the cell. malaria is an example.

39
Q

how do fungi damage host cells?

A

fungi digest living cells and destroy them.

40
Q

which pathogens may produce toxins?

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
41
Q

how do bacterial toxins damage cells?

A
  • they may break down cell membrane
  • they may inactivate enzymes
  • some interfere with the host cell genetic material so cells cannot divide.

Communicable Diseases (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions