Animal Architecture, Taxonomy, and Phylogeny

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Smallest functional unit of an organism that makes up all living organisms

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

Group of cells that aggregate into a pattern or layer for a specific function

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

Multiple types of tissue that come together for a more specialized function

Question 4

Organ System

Answer 4

Organs that work together for some functions

Question 5

Eukaryotic

Answer 5

Cells that have a nucleus

Question 6

Asymmetry

Answer 6

Cannot be divided into mirrored portions no matter where you cut it

Question 7

Radial Symmetry

Answer 7

Divided into mirrored portions by multiple planes passing through a longitudinal axis

Question 8

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 8

Divided into mirrored portions only on a single sagittal plane

Question 9

Endoderm

Answer 9

Inner layer of embryo that defines and surrounds gastrocoel.

Question 10

Mesoderm

Answer 10

Middle layer of embryo between endoderm and ectoderm. Only in Triplobastic animals.

Question 11

Ectoderm

Answer 11

Outer layer of embryo that develops into skin.

Question 12

Diploblastic

Answer 12

Animal that has only two embryonic cell layers: Ectoderm and Endoderm

Question 13

Triploblastic

Answer 13

Animal that has three embryonic cell layers: Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm.

Question 14

Coelom

Answer 14

Body Cavity in Mesoderm

Question 15

Protostome

Answer 15

Blastopore becomes mouth

Question 16

Deuterostome

Answer 16

Blastopore becomes anus

Question 17

Spiral Cleavage

Answer 17

Cleaves oblique to axis

Question 18

Radial Cleavage

Answer 18

Cleavage planes symmetrical to

polar axis, produces tiers or layers of cells on top of each other.

Question 19

Zygote

Answer 19

Single cell that contains genetic material of parents

Question 20

Blastopore

Answer 20

Opening of a central cavity of an embryo in early development.

Question 21

Segmentation

Answer 21

Serial Repetition of similar body regions along the anteroposterior axis of the body

Question 22

Anterior

Answer 22

Head

Question 23

Posterior

Answer 23

Tail

Question 24

Dorsal

Answer 24

Back

Question 25

Ventral

Answer 25

Front/Belly

Question 26

Lateral

Answer 26

Farther from the middle in regards to body or body part

Question 27

Cephalization, Explain what it is and its benefits

Answer 27

Cephalization is the concentration of sensory organs in one location. Great for directional movement. Also great for development of control centers or brains.

Question 28

Taxon/Taxa

Answer 28

Group(s) of a population of an organism

Question 29

Systematics

Answer 29

Broader Science of Comparative Biology, studies diversification of life forms.

Question 30

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 30

Two terms used to denote species of a living organism. First word is genus, capitalized. Second is specific epithet, lower case.
Always italicized or capitalized

Question 31

Phylogeny

Answer 31

Graphical representation of evolutionary relationships

Question 32

Cladistics

Answer 32

Classification system where organisms are classified into groups based on most recent common ancestor

Question 33

Eight Major Taxonomic Levels

Answer 33

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 34

Taxonomic classifications for humans at all eight levels

Answer 34

Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Primates, Hominidae, Homo, Homo Sapien