ANS 1

Question 1

What is the neurotransmitter of somatic motor neurons, what type of receptor do they bind?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine binds N1 receptors (Nicotinic Ach receptors)

Question 2

What neurotransmitter does the PNS and SNS use at preganglionic synapses? What receptor type do they bind?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine binds N2 receptors

Question 3

What neurotransmitter does the SNS use at postganglionic synapses? What type of receptors does it bind?

Answer 3

Norepinepherine. Binds alpha an beta andrenergic GPCRs

Question 4

What neurotransmitter does the PNS use at postgangionic synapses and what type of receptors does it bind?

Answer 4

Acetylcholine. binds Muscarenic Acetylcholine GPCRs (M1-M5 subtypes)

Question 5

How does the SNS stimulate the adrenal medulla? What does the medulla release?

Answer 5

It is a one synapse system in which the Acetylcholine is released and taken up by a N2 receptor in the medulla. The medulla releases 80% Epi and 20% Norepi

Question 6

How are sweat glands innervated by the SNS?

Answer 6

Postganglionic SNS fibers release Ach which is taken up by Muscarenic cholinergic receptors in the gland

Question 7

What is the antagonist of N1 Ach receptors

Answer 7

d-Tubocurarine

Question 8

What is the antagonist of N2 Ach receptors

Answer 8

Hexamethonium

Question 9

What is the antagonist of M Ach receptors

Answer 9

Atropine

Question 10

What is the antagonist of B1 receptors

Answer 10

Propanolol

Question 11

What type of GPCR is an alpha 1 andrenergic receptor and what is its end effect?

Answer 11

It is a Gq protein that activates phospholipase C which produces PIP2 which is cleaved into DAG and IP3. IP3 releases Ca++ from ER or SR. Ca++ and DAG help increase Protein Kinase C activity.

Question 12

What type of GPCR is a beta 1/2 receptor and what is its end effect?

Answer 12

It is a Gs protein that interacts with Adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP production

Question 13

What type of GPCR is a M1,3,5 (Muscarinic AcH) receptor and what is its end effect?

Answer 13

They are G proteins that act to similarly to alpha 1 andrenergic receptors in that they increase PKC activity via IP3 and DAG generation

Question 14

What type of GPCR are M2,4 (muscarinic AcH) receptors and what is their end effect?

Answer 14

They decrease cAMP

Question 15

What type of GPCR are alpha2 receptors and what is their effect?

Answer 15

They decrease cAMP