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Anatomy Exam 1 > Anterior/Posterior Forearm and Joints of the Forearm, Wrist, Hand > Flashcards

Anterior/Posterior Forearm and Joints of the Forearm, Wrist, Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Organization

A

compartments

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2
Q

how are compartments seperated

A

fascia, bones and interosseous membrane

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3
Q

anterior compartment

A

flexors and pronators

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4
Q

posterior compartment

A

extensors and supinatiors

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5
Q

deep fascias

A

antebrachial fascia

interosseous membrane

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6
Q

antebrachial fascia

A

continuous w/ brachial fascia

covers over all muscles under the skin like a sleeve

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7
Q

different antebrachial fascia

A

extensor reticulum

palmar carpal ligament

flexor reticulum

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8
Q

extensor reticulum

A

holds down the extensor tendons

posterior

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9
Q

palmar carpal ligament

A

continuous of extensor retinaculum

palmar side (anterior)

holds down tendons

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10
Q

flexor reticulum

A

deeper

distal to PCL

not continuous w/ extensor retinaculum

creates carpal tunnel (roof)

runs in b/w hood of hamate and pisiform

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11
Q

interosseous membrane

A

thin, strong, fibrous membrane

holds the radius and ulna together

helps create anterior compartment

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12
Q

tendon (synovial) sheath

A

surround all tendons that pass underneath the extensor/flexor retinaculum

reduce friction

connect the forearm and the hand

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13
Q

where would infection most likely occur and spread

A

tendon (synovial) sheaths

infection can travel from the hand to the forearm easily

assists in the spread of infection

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14
Q

how many carpal bones are there

A

8

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15
Q

carpal bones

A

give flexibility to the wrist

convex posteriorly, concave anteriorly

allow the ability to grasp around spherical objects

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16
Q

acronym for carpal bones

A

Some Lovers Try Positions They Can’t Handle

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17
Q

proximal row of carpal bones lateral to medial

A

scaphoid

lunate

triquetrum

pisiform

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18
Q

distal row of carpal bones lateral to medial

A

trapezium

trapezoid

capitate

hamate

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19
Q

articulations

A

proximal carpals articulate w/ articular disc of radiocarpal joint

distal carpals articulate w/ metacarpals

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20
Q

metacarpals

A

forms the skeleton of the palm of the hand b/w the carpus and the phalanges

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21
Q

how many metacarpals are there

A

5 on each hand

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22
Q

parts of metacarpal

A

base

body

head

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23
Q

proximal articulation of metacarpal

A

bases articulate w/ carpal bones

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24
Q

distal articulation of metacarpals

A

heads articulate with the proximal phalanges

form knuckles

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25
Q

surfaces and landmarks of 1st metacarpal

A

(thumb)

thickest and shortest

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26
Q

surfaces and landmarks of 3rd metacarpal

A

distinguished by a styloid process on the lateral side of its base

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27
Q

how many phalanges are there

A

5 on each hand

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28
Q

parts of the phalanges

A

3 parts

base (proximal)

body (middle)

head (distal)

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29
Q

how many parts does the thumb have

A

2 phalanges

distal and proximal

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30
Q

articulations of phalanges

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

proximal interphalangeal joint

distal interphalangeal joint

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31
Q

thumb only has ___________ joint

A

interphalangeal

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32
Q

surfaces and landmarks of proximal phalanges

A

the largest part

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33
Q

S&L of middle phalanges

A

intermediate size

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34
Q

S&L of distal phalanges

A

smallest part

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35
Q

S&L of terminal phalanges

A

flattened and expanded at their distal ends

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36
Q

parts of the anterior compartment

A

superficial and deep groups

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37
Q

anterior compartment

A

innervated by median nerve (mostly)

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38
Q

what are the exceptions of innervation of anterior compartment

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

innervated by ulnar nerve

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39
Q

superficial group of anterior compartment

A

“PFPF”

have common origins

run lateral to more medial

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40
Q

muscles in the anterior compartment

A

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpi digitorum superficialis

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41
Q

origin pronator teres

A

humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus

ulnar head: coronoid process

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42
Q

insertion of pronator teres

A

lateral radius (distal to supinator insertion)

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43
Q

innervation of pronator teres

A

median nerve (C6-C7)

travels b/w ulnar and radial head of muscle

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44
Q

action of pronator teres

A

forearm pronation

weak elbow flexor

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45
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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46
Q

flexor carpi radialis insertion

A

base of 2nd metacarpal

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47
Q

flexor carpi radialis innervation

A

median nerve (C6-C7)

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48
Q

action of flexor carpi radialis

A

wrist flexion

ABD (radial deviation) of hand

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49
Q

palmaris longus origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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50
Q

palmaris longus insertion

A

palmar aponeurosis

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51
Q

palmaris longus innervation

A

median nerve (C6-C7)

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52
Q

palmaris longus action

A

wrist flexion tightens palmar aponeurosis

weak elbow flexion

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53
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

humeral head: medial epicondyle

ulnar head: olecranon

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54
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

pisiform

hook of hamate

base of 5th metacarpal

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55
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

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56
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris action

A

wrist flexion

ADD of hand (ulnar deviation)

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57
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

is intermediate

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58
Q

flexor digitorum superificialis origins

A

humeral head: medial epicondyle

ulnar head: coronoid process

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59
Q

flexor digitorum superificialis insertion

A

sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 digits

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60
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

A

median nerve (C8, T1)

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61
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis action

A

flexion of wrist

flexion of MCP joint

flexion of PIP joints of 2-5 digits

weak elbow flexor

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62
Q

what passes through the two heads of flexor digitorum superificialis

A

median and ulnar nerves

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63
Q

deep group of anterior compartment

A

flexor digitorum profundus

flexor pollicis longus

pronator quadratus

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64
Q

flexor digitorum profundus origin

A

ulna (2/3s of flexor surface)

interosseous membrane

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65
Q

flexor digitorum profundus insertion

A

distal phalanges of 2-5 digits (palmar surface)

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66
Q

flexor digitorum profundus innervation

A

median nerve (C8,T1)

ulnar half by ulnar nerve (C8,T1)

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67
Q

flexor digitorum profundus action

A

flexion of wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP of 2-5 digits

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68
Q

flexor pollicis longus origin

A

radius (mid anterior surface)

adjacent interosseous membrane

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69
Q

flexor pollicis longus insertion

A

distal phalanx of thumb (palmar surface)

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70
Q

flexor pollicis longus innervation

A

median nerve (C7,C8)

71
Q

flexor pollicis longus action

A

wrist flexion

ABD of hand (radial deviation)

flexion of carpometacarpal of thumb

MCP and IP flexion

72
Q

pronator quadratus origin

A

distal quarter of ulna (anterior surface)

73
Q

pronator quadratus insertion

A

distal quarter of radius (anterior surface)

74
Q

pronator quadratus innervation

A

median nerve (C7-C8)

75
Q

pronator quadratus action

A

hand pronation

distal radioulnar joint stabilization

76
Q

posterior compartment is innervated by…

A

radial nerve or its branches

77
Q

parts of the posterior compartments

A

superficial muscles

deeps muscles

78
Q

superficial muscle group

A

all arise from a common extensor tendon attached to the posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and adjacent fascia

79
Q

muscles in the superior muscle group of the posterior compartment

A

brachioradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

80
Q

brachioradialis origin

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus

lateral intermuscular septum

81
Q

brachioradialis insertion

A

styloid process of the radius

82
Q

brachioradialis innervation

A

radial nerve (C5-C7)

83
Q

brachioradialis action

A

elbow flexion

84
Q

what happens to the brachioradialis in forearm neutral

A

in greatest position/greatest flexor/ greatest advantage

85
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus origin

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus

lateral intermuscular septum

86
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus insertion

A

base of 2nd metacarpal

87
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus innervation

A

radial nerve (C6-C7)

88
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus action

A

wrist extension and ABD (radial deviation)

weak elbow flexion

89
Q

where is the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

parallels brachioradialis on lateral forearm

90
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

91
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion

A

base of 3rd metacarpals

92
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation

A

radial nerve (C7-C8)

93
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis action

A

wrist extension and ABD (radial deviation)

weak eblow flexion

94
Q

where is the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

lies deep to the extensor carpi radialis longus

shorter than the extensor carpi radialis longus

95
Q

where is the extensor digitorum

A

lies medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis

96
Q

extensor digitorum origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

97
Q

extensor digitorum insertion

A

dorsal digital expansions of 2-5 digits

98
Q

extensor digitorum innervation

A

radial nerve (C7-C8)

99
Q

extensor digitorum action

A

wrist extension

extension/ABD of MCP, PIP and DIP of 2-5 digits

100
Q

where is extensor digiti minimi

A

detached portion of extensor digitorum

101
Q

extensor digiti minimi origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

102
Q

extensor digiti minimi insertion

A

dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit

103
Q

extensor digiti minimi innervation

A

radial nerve (C7-C8)

104
Q

extensor digiti minimi action

A

wrist extension

ADD of hand (ulnar deviation)

extension and ABD of MCP, PIP, DIP of 5th digit

105
Q

where is extensor carpi ulnaris

A

most medial of superficial posterior muscles

106
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

ulnar head (dorsal surface)

107
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

base of 5th metacarpal

108
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

radial nerve (C7-C8)

109
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris action

A

wrist extension

ADD of hand (ulnar deviation)

110
Q

deep group of posterior compartment

A

anatomical snuffbox

supinator

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

extensor pollicis longus

extensor idicis

111
Q

where is the supinator muscle

A

deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow

112
Q

supinator origin

A

olecranon

lateral epicondyle of humerus

radial collateral ligament

anular ligament

113
Q

supinator insertion

A

radius

b/q the radial tuberosity and insertion of pronator teres

114
Q

supinator innervation

A

radial nerve (C6-C7)

deep branch of the radial nerve will pierce through the muscle

115
Q

supinator action

A

radioulnar joint supination

116
Q

where is the abductor pollicis longus

A

lateral and parallel to extensor pollicis longus

117
Q

abductor pollicis longus origin

A

radius and ulna

dorsal surfaces

interosseous membrane

118
Q

abductor pollicis longus insertion

A

base of 1st metacarpal

119
Q

abductor pollicis longus innervation

A

posterior interosseous nerve

from deep branch of radial nerve (C7-C8)

120
Q

abductor pollicis longus action

A

ABD of hand at the radiocarpal joint

carpometacarpal joint of thumb ABD

121
Q

where is the extensor pollicis brevis

A

part of pair of deep muscles overlain by extensor carpi ulnaris

122
Q

extensor pollicis brevis origin

A

posterior surface of radius

interosseous membrane

123
Q

extensor pollicis brevis insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

124
Q

extensor pollicis brevis innervation

A

radial nerve (C7-C8)

125
Q

extensor pollicis brevis action

A

ABD at radiocarpal joint (radial deviation of hand)

thumb extension (carpometacarpal and MCP joints)

126
Q

where is the extensor pollicis longus

A

part of a pair of deep muscles overlain by extensor carpi ulnaris

127
Q

extensor pollicis longus origin

A

posterior surface of ulna

interosseous membrane

128
Q

extensor pollicis longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

129
Q

extensor pollicis longus innervation

A

radial nerve (C7-C8)

130
Q

extensor pollicis longus action

A

wrist extension

ABD of hand (radial deviation)

thumb carpometacarpal joint extension

MCP and IP joint of thumb extension

131
Q

where is extensor idicis

A

tiny muscle arising close to wrist

132
Q

extensor idicis origin

A

posterior surface of ulna

interosseous membrane

133
Q

extensor idicis insertion

A

posterior digital expansion of 2nd digit

134
Q

extensor idicis innervation

A

posterior interosseous nerve

deep nerve of radial branch (C7-C8)

135
Q

extensor idicis action

A

wrist extension

MCP, PIP and DIP of 2nd digit expansion

136
Q

arteries

A

ulnar artery

radial artery

137
Q

ulnar artery

A

anterior recurrent

posterior recurrent

common interosseous

dorsal carpal arch

palmar carpal arch

138
Q

common interosseous artery

A

anterior interosseous

posterior interosseous

goes into recurrent interosseous

139
Q

radial artery

A

radial recurrent

dorsal carpal arch

palmar carpal arch

140
Q

veins

A

superficial

deep

141
Q

superficial veins

A

cephalic and basilic

142
Q

deep veins

A

radial and ulnar

143
Q

nerves

A

medial antebrachial

lateral antebrachial

median (anterior interosseous)

ulnar

radial

144
Q

lateral antebrachial nerve

A

off musculocutaneous nerve

innervates lateral skin of the forearm

145
Q

median nerve

A

anterior interosseous

contributions from lateral and medial cords

supplies everything in the anterior compartment besides few exceptions

146
Q

exceptions to median nerve innervation

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

ulnar half of flexor digititorum profundus (digits 4-5)

147
Q

ulnar nerve

A

terminal branch of medial cord of brachial plexus

runs behind medial epicondyle

runs b/w two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

148
Q

radial nerve

A

superficial (sensory supply)

deep branch (motor supply)

posterior compartment of the arm and the forearm

runs anteriorly to lateral epicondyle

149
Q

deep branch of radial nerve

A

posterior interosseous (superficial branch)

pierces the supinator

150
Q

spaces of forearm

A

flexor retinaculum

extensor retinaculum

anatomical snuffbox

151
Q

structures passing through the flexor retinaculum

A

superficial structures

deep structures

152
Q

superficial structures

A

palmaris longus tendon

ulnar artery

ulnar nerve

flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

153
Q

deep structures

A

carpal tunnel

compartment of flexor carpi radialis tendon

154
Q

carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

flexor digitorum profundus tendons

flexor pollicis longus tendons

median nerve

155
Q

compartment of flexor carpi radialis tendon

A

flexor carpus radialis tendon

156
Q

compartments under extensor retinaculum

A

abductor pollicis longus

abductor pollicis brevis

extensor pollicis longus

extensor digitorum

extensor indicis

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

157
Q

anatomical snuffbox boundaries

A

lateral and medial

158
Q

lateral border of anatomical snuffbox

A

abductor pollicis longus tendon

extensor pollicis brevis

159
Q

medial border of anatomical snuffbox

A

extensor pollicis longus tendon

160
Q

contents of anatomical snuffbox

A

radial artery (deep)

cephalic vein

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

superficial branch of radial nerve

161
Q

joints of the forearm

A

proximal radioulnar joint

distal radioulnar joint

162
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

pivot type of synovial joint

anular ligament

allows for pronation and supination of the forearm

163
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

pivot type of synovial joint

radius moves around the fixed distal end of the ulna

radius crosses over the ulnar during pronation

164
Q

what type of joint is the wrist joint

A

condyloid type of synovial joint

165
Q

articulations of the wrist joint

A

radius and the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint

proximal row of carpal bones

166
Q

ligaments of wrist joint

A

palmar radiocarpal

dorsal radiocarpal

ulnar collateral

radial collateral

167
Q

movements at the wrist joint

A

flexion/extension

ABD/ADD (radial/ulnar deviation)

circumduction

168
Q

joints of the hand

A

intercarpal

carpometacarpal

intermetacarpal

metacarpophalangeal

interphalangeal

169
Q

intercarpal joint

A

plane type of synovial joint

interconnecting the carpal bones

gliding movements possible

flexion and extension of hand (initiated with midcarpal joint)

170
Q

carpometacarpal joint

A

plane type of synovial joint

except for CMC of thumb

171
Q

CMC of thumb

A

saddle type of joint

allows for flexion/extension, ABD/ADD, circumduction

172
Q

intermetacarpal joint

A

plane type of joints

adjacent metacarpals articulate w/ each other

occur b/w the radial and ulnar aspects of the bases of the metacarpals

173
Q

metacarpophalangeal joint

A

condyloid joint

allows for flexion/extension, ABD/ADD

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

174
Q

interphalangeal joint

A

hinge type of joint

permits flexion/extension only

Anatomy Exam 1 (15 decks)

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