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Anthropology > Anthro final deck 1 > Flashcards

Anthro final deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropologists study culture through a process called _____, which entails living with a community for an extended period.

A

ethnographic fieldwork

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2
Q

A fixed reference point used by archaeologists.

A

datum point

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3
Q

Populations change in response to environmental pressures and they become adapted to new conditions and change over time as these adaptive traits are reproduced in subsequent generations.

A

natural selection

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4
Q

How long did it take Nanook to build his igloo?

A

one hour

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5
Q

“Lucy” and the footprints found at Laetoli in Tanzania are examples of

A

A. afarensis

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6
Q

6 The “Time of the Apes” refers to which epoch?

A

Miocene

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7
Q

7 What is the defining feature of the hominids?

A

bipedalism

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8
Q

8 Qualitative research focuses on observable data. True or False

A

True

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9
Q

The subfield of anthropology that examines the physical aspects of humans, including the history and nature of human evolution is called

A

biological anthropology

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10
Q

10 Heterozygous refers to a chromosome pair with identical alleles for a single gene. True or False

A

False

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11
Q

11A. africanus is ancestral to both homo and A. robustus. True or False

A

False

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12
Q

12The relative ability of an organism or population to survive and reproduce successfully is called

A

genetic fitness

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13
Q

With a unique mix of hominid teeth and hominoid skull _____ is possibly the oldest hominid, existing roughly 6-7 million years ago, and was discovered in Chad in 2001.

A

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

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14
Q

What discipline studies human beings, both biological and cultural, in all aspects, all places and all times?

A

anthropology

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15
Q

15What is the half life of Carbon 14?

A

5,730 years

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16
Q

16 What was one disadvantage of primates becoming bipedal?

A

obstetrical dilemma

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17
Q

17In the film, “So Human, So Chimp,” abstract thought was demonstrated by the chimpanzees in all the experiments. True or False

A

False

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18
Q

____ are important archaeological sites in Tanzania.

A

Laetoli and Olduvai Gorge

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19
Q

19The following are historical anthropological theories

A

Structuralism, Historical Particularism, and Cultural Ecology

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20
Q

20Fluorine dating, which uses fluorine to determine the amount of time an object has been underground, is an example of a relative dating technique. True or False

A

True

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21
Q

21Who is considered the “Father of American Anthropology”?

A

Franz Boas

22
Q

22The belief that all cultures are “equal” and that each must be analyzed or studied in its own terms and that value judgements should be avoided in analyzing other cultures is called ethnocentrism. True or False

A

False

23
Q

23 The phenotype is the genetic makeup of a person. True or False

A

False

24
Q

24 The dentition that is typical of humans and apes, and is distinct from old world monkeys.

A

Y-5 pattern

25
Q

25 What are some distinguishing characteristics of Anthropology?

A

holistic, comparative, and humanistic

26
Q

The gradual increase or decrease in frequency of a gene from one end of a geographic region to another is called

A

cline

27
Q

27Africans vary more among themselves than they do in comparison with people elsewhere. True or False

A

True

28
Q

28 What are some traits that distinguish hominids from other primates?

A

sophisticated brain, language, toolmaking, and bipedal

29
Q

29This subfield of anthropology studies past human cultures by analyzing the material debris they left behind.

A

Archaeology

30
Q

30The random changes in the genetic sequence and the ultimate source of all genetic variation are called

A

Mutations

31
Q

31 Humans and chimpanzees share what percent of the same DNA?

A

95-98%

32
Q

32 The random processes that affect gene frequencies in small, relatively isolated populations and generally increases the differences between populations in different environments is _____.

A

genetic drift

33
Q

33Chimpanzees, gorillas and humans are part of what primate group?

A

Hominoids

34
Q

34Natural items used by humans are called artifacts. true or false

A

false

35
Q

35What are some primate characteristics?

A

social animals, stereoscopic vision, grasping hands, and decreased sense of smell

36
Q

36”Race” is a useful term that can be applied to humans. True or false

A

false

37
Q

37The fossil record from 13.5 mya and 5 mya gives us a complete picture of the evolutionary link between the Miocene apes and the hominids of Africa. true or false

A

false

38
Q

38Which of the following are examples of an absolute dating technique

A

radiocarbon, dendrochronology, and potassium-argon

39
Q

39 What is an example of a great ape (pongid)?

A

Orangutan

40
Q

40How long ago did humans diverge from chimpanzees?

A

5-8 million years ago

41
Q

41What are the four subfields of Anthropology?

A

physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and cultural anthropology

42
Q

42Who are anthropologists primary ethical obligation?

A

people they study

43
Q

43The earliest definite hominids are the Australopithecines, found between 4.2 and 1 mya. True or false

A

true

44
Q

44Who was responsible for the discovery of A. boisei?

A

Leakey’s

45
Q

45A _____ is an example of an old world monkey.

A

Baboon

46
Q

46What caused the significant climate changes favoring the emergence of primates?

A

continental drift

47
Q

47What is the cranial capacity of A. robustus?

A

~530 cc

48
Q

48 One of the best know propliopithecids, ____ , lived during the Oligocene epoch and was found in Egypt.

A

Aegyptopithecus

49
Q

49Linguistic anthropologists study

A

the dynamic relationships among language, culture and society

50
Q

50The hardened remains or impressions of plants and animals that lived in the past are
called

A

fossils

Anthropology (2 decks)

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