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Anthropology > Anthro Final deck 2 > Flashcards

Anthro Final deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

1What are some consequences of food production?

A

increased sedentism, decreased health, and increased population

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2
Q

2What cultural group represents the longest unbroken culture in human history and maintains strong ties to the land through myths, artwork and the dream time?

A

Gagadju

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3
Q

3Anthropologists study culture through a process called _____, which entails living with a community for an extended period.

A

ethnographic fieldwork

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4
Q

4The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the principle of linguistic relativism, or notion that language conditions thought. true or false

A

true

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5
Q

5 Overexpansion, disease, and environmental degradation are all reasons for the decline of states. true or false

A

true

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6
Q

6Pastoralists are either full nomads or ____, which involves traveling between two fixed points, typically at different altitudes.

A

Transhumant

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7
Q

7What are the components of economy?

A

production, distribution, and consumption

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8
Q

8 Using two or more languages within a given sentence or utterance is known as ____

A

code-switching

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9
Q

9The study of how persons, particularly children, are socialized to become competent members of their culture or society and the role language plays in this process is called _____.

A

language socialization

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10
Q

10A wide array of cultural and technological innovations began to appear during the Upper Paleolithic, including

A

paintings, long distance exchange networks, boats, and spears

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11
Q

11Occupational specialization, class stratification, centralized political power, complex infrastructure, and health issues are all consequences of ______?

A

States

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12
Q

12One of the earliest centers of plant and animal domestication, around 8,000 years ago, is

A

Ali Kosh

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13
Q

13Indo-European, Algonquian, Altaic, Austronesian and Quechua are all examples of what?

A

language families

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14
Q

14Tacit culture is conscious and readily explainable, such as marriage practices, rules of descent and laws. true or false

A

false

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15
Q

15What is the study of language change over time?

A

historical linguistics

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16
Q

16Which discipline examines language as a social phenomenon, including speech styles, social dialects and discourse analysis?

A

Sociolinguistics

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17
Q

17Any given language recognizes only certain features as important in distinguishing one from another. What are some possible distinctive features?

A

point of articulation, mode of articulation, and voicing

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18
Q

18What was the first domesticated animal?

A

dog

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19
Q

19What method of linguistic anthropology, developed by Dell Hymes, examines the various ways language is used across cons and speakers?

A

ethnography of speaking

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20
Q

20The Yanomamö and the Samoan cultures are both examples of what type of subsistence system?

A

extensive horticulturalists

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21
Q

21Who was responsible for developing the first writing system called cuniform, around 3400 BC?

A

Sumerians

22
Q

22What purpose does reciprocity serve?

A

create and maintain social bonds

23
Q

23Cultivation is the process where people begin planting and harvesting wild crops. true or false

A

false

24
Q

24Humans have a closed language system. true or false

A

false

25
Q

25_____ were present in North America from 11,000-12,500 years ago and used Clovis projectile points.

A

Paleo-Indians

26
Q

26Which hominid has a cranial capacity of 1125-1750 cc, uses Mousterian tools, and was found during the Middle Paleolithic period in Europe and Asia?

A

Homo neandertalensis

27
Q

27What type of food producers use techniques that enable people to cultivate fields permanently?

A

intensive agriculturalists

28
Q

28____ is called “handy man.”

A

Homo habilis

29
Q

29A cultivation technique used in Mesoamerica to ensure maximum soil and plant production combines which three crops?

A

maize, beans, and squash

30
Q

30What are the four subfields of Linguistics?

A

syntax, morphology, semantics, and phonology

31
Q

31Giving with the expectation that one will receive something of comparable worth within a particular time frame, such as the barter system is an example of _____.

A

direct reciprocity

32
Q

The Upper Paleolithic occurs between 40,000-10,000 years ago in the Old World and 33,000-10,000 years ago in the New World. true or false

A

true

33
Q

Robust australopithecines, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus all coexisted for about 300,000 years. true or false

A

true

34
Q

What is the cultivation technique often used by extensive horticulturalists?

A

slash and burn

35
Q

The belief that all cultures are “equal” and that each must be analyzed or studied in its own terms and that value judgements should be avoided in analyzing other cultures is called ethnocentrism. true or false

A

false

36
Q

What is an example of an New World civilization?

A

Teotihuacan

37
Q

Who was the first hominid to move out of Africa around 1.8 million years ago?

A

Homo erectus

38
Q

Domestication theories are able to explain why societies in the Old World and New World began to cultivate of plants and animals. true or false

A

false

39
Q

The notion, developed by Noam Chomsky, that all languages share properties that enable humans to innately learn grammar is called ____.

A

universal grammar

40
Q

What are the different modes of distribution in an economic system?

A

reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange

41
Q

What is the technique called when pressure is employed with bone at the edge of the tool to remove small flakes, producing a sharper edge?

A

pressure flaking

42
Q

Along with an increased cranial capacity, what was the primary mechanism for Homo erectus’ ability to adapt to new environments?

A

culture

43
Q

What is the central unifying concept in anthropology and the primary study of American Anthropologists?

A

culture

44
Q

Civilization is defined as living within a city or urban society. true or false

A

true

45
Q

____ are the minimal units of meaning in a language which can be either free or bound.

A

morphemes

46
Q

The theory that all modern homo sapiens descended from one generation of women from Africa is the

A

Out of Africa Model

47
Q

Of the estimated _____ languages of the world, one dies every two weeks.

A

6,000

48
Q

What are the characteristics of culture

A

learned, shared, cumulative, and dynamic

49
Q

Who was responsible for the “Oasis Theory,” which posits that humans started to domesticate plants and animals due to the drastic changes in the climate?

A

Childe

50
Q

When a language dies, humanity loses linguistic diversity, the sum of human knowledge, speaker’s identities, and world view perspectives. true or false

A

true

Anthropology (2 decks)

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