Anthropology

Question 1

The three types of interviews

Answer 1

Structured
Semi structured
Unstructured

Question 2

Structured interview

Answer 2

A set list of questions

Asked of everyone in a culture being studied

Question 3

Semi structured interview

Answer 3

For short days.

Some questions are preset

Allows interviews more flexible to allow more info to be shared

Question 4

Unstructured interview

Answer 4

The testing of ideas with no set questions.

a conversation between researcher and informant

Question 5

Why is a fossil like otzi important

And example

Answer 5

Shows how we lived and survive thousands of years ago

Allows a glimpse back at what life and human culture may have been like

important for historical timelines

Ex: otzis axe put copper smelting thousands years before originally thought

Question 6

Unique characteristics of humans (8)

Answer 6

1. Bipedalism
2. Spoken language
3. Vision
4. use of Fire
5. Development/learning
6. Culture/religion
7. Longest infant development period
8. Living in groups AND mating in pairs

Question 7

Shared characteristics of humans and animals (6)

Answer 7

1. Opposable thumbs
2. Binocular /3D vision
3. Brain
4. Social nature
5. Aggression
6. Tool making

Question 8

Four interrelated parts of culture

Answer 8

Level of tech.

System of symbols

Social organization

Physical environment

Question 9

Level of tech.

CDN example

Answer 9

Very industrial.

Smart phones, multilane highways, public transport

Question 10

System of symbols

Canadian example

Answer 10

Symbols defining us as Canadians.

Maple leaf, hockey, Tim Hortons, beaver

Question 11

Social organization

Canadian example

Answer 11

How we organize our society.

Role of law,
charter of rights and freedoms,
universal healthcare,
free public education

Question 12

Physical environment

CDN example

Answer 12

Location, climate.

 Second largest nation on earth, 
mountains
 lakes 
Plains
 4 seasons

Question 13

Historical linguistics

Answer 13

A comparison of similarities and differences of language structures

how languages are related

Question 14

Structural linguistics

Answer 14

study of how sounds are put together to make meaning.

Universal grammar structure

Question 15

Sociolinguistics

Answer 15

How people use language within their culture to express status and context

Question 16

Types of linguistics

Answer 16

Historical
Structural
Sociolinguistic

Question 17

Five types of revolution of humanity

Answer 17

Foraging/hunter-gatherer cultures

Horticulturlists and pastoralism

Agricultural cultures

Industrial cultures

Post industrial/communication cultures

Question 18

Foraging/hunter-gatherer cultures

Answer 18

Human existence up to 10,000 years ago

survival based on foraging for food and hunting animals

living in small nomadic groups

Question 19

Horticulturalists and pastoralism

Answer 19

Horticulture – the domestication of plants and growing of crops

using extensive slash and burn farming techniques.

Pastorlism– the domestication of animals to use for food and work

instead of relying on hunting

Question 20

Agricultural cultures

Answer 20

Farming that began 8000 years ago.

Involves intensive farming techniques

use irrigation, fertilization and the plow

to produce food surpluses

Question 21

Industrial cultures

Answer 21

Began in the 1750s.

Machines were invented allowing for the mass production of goods.

Gave rise to cities and capitalism

Question 22

Post industrial/ communication culture

Answer 22

Began in the 1920s

came into waves:

1. Invention of mass media - information mass distributed through radio, movies, TV.
2. Invention of computer/Internet – info could be shared globally and instantly
   – more mechanization

the world became global village

Question 23

Six habitation sites

Answer 23

Open campsites and villages

Caves and rock shelters

Occupation mounds

Earthworks and forts

Shell middens

Ceremonial and other specialist sites

Question 24

Open campsites and villages

Answer 24

Small sites

Common

Places where people lived and carried out daily activities

Question 25

Caves and rock shelters

Answer 25

served as shelters from very early times

Question 26

Occupation mounds

Answer 26

Sites that were occupied for centuries+

Where successive generations live atop their predecessors

Question 27

Earthworks and forts

Answer 27

Habitation sites with extensive fortifications

to Protect their settlement and sacred sites

Question 28

Shell middens

Answer 28

Vast accumulations ofAbandoned shells,fish ones and other food remains

Common on coastal areas

Give ancient diet

Question 29

Homo erectus

Answer 29

First to use variety of stone tools

+use fire

Question 30

Facts about culture

Answer 30

shared

Has patterns

Is learned

Defines nature

Shapes perception

Question 31

Functionalism theory

Who and what

Answer 31

Bronislaw Malinowski

Every belief, action or relationship in a culture functions to meet needs of individuals.

Importance of interdependence to ensure the long-term survival of a culture

Question 32

Cultural materialism theory

Who and what

Answer 32

Marvin Harris

The materials or conditions within the environment influence how a culture develops.

Creates ideas and ideology of a culture.

Institutions exist because they provide some benefit/value to society