BM Pharm

Question 1

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

Answer 1

adsorbent; chewable form of aspirin made of activated charcoal

Question 2

Bismuth subsalicylate MOA

Answer 2

coats the walls of the GI tract; binds the causative agent for elimination

Question 3

SE for bismuth subsalicylate

Answer 3

inc bleeding time, constipation, dark stools and darkened tongue

Question 4

Antimotility drugs

Answer 4

Loperamide (imodium) and diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)

Question 5

Antimotility drugs MOA

Answer 5

made with anticholinergic and antiperistalsis agents; slow peristalsis by dec rhythmic contractions muscle contraction of GI tract and decrease gastric secretions

Question 6

loperamide specific function

Answer 6

Slows peristalsis

Question 7

NC for antimotility

Answer 7

Can be used with adsorbants and opiates

Question 8

anticholinergics

Answer 8

NOT OTC; causes drying effect and SE of urinary retention, headache, dizzy, anx, drowsiness, bradycardia, hypotension, dry skin, flushing

Question 9

Probiotics

Answer 9

made from bacterial cultures, mostly lactobacillus and sacchryobaccilus organisms (Bacid, Culturelle)–make up the majority of normal flora of gut

Question 9

Sacchyaromyces boulardii (Florastor)

Answer 9

Probiotic used for C. diff

Question 10

MOA of probiotics

Answer 10

replenish bacteria and restore normal flora

Question 11

Constipation tx char

Answer 11

Personalized based on age, severity, contributing factors

Question 12

psyllium (Metamucil)

Answer 12

Bulk-forming med that acts similar to dietary fiber by absorbing water into the intestine, increasing bulk and distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement

Question 13

Which constipation med can be used long-term?

Answer 13

Bulk-forming–Metamucil/psyllium

Question 14

psyllium SE

Answer 14

impaction above strictures, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, gas formation, esophageal blockage

Question 15

Psyllium NC

Answer 15

take with lots of water, CI for intestinal obstruction and fecal impaction

Question 16

docusate sodium (Colace)

Answer 16

PO emollient that lubricates fecal material and walls and promotes fat abs into fecal mass

Question 17

Why is docusate sodium given?

Answer 17

prevent opioid-induced constipation

Question 18

Mineral oil

Answer 18

PO and rectal, enema, emollient for fecal impaction that lubricates the intestines

Question 19

SE of emollients

Answer 19

skin rashes, dec abs of vitamins

Question 20

Hyperosmotic meds

Answer 20

Glycerin, lactulose, and polyethylene glycol

Question 21

Glycerin

Answer 21

mild drug given often to kids as a suppository

Question 22

Lactulose

Answer 22

digested in colon, creating hyperosmotic enviro that draws water in; dec blood ammonia levels

Question 23

Lactulose indications

Answer 23

liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy

Question 24

Polyethylene glycol indications (golightly)

Answer 24

before diagnostic or surgical bowel procedures; very potent–total cleansing

Question 25

Hyperosmotic MOA

Answer 25

inc water content in feces, promotes distension, peristalsis, and evacuation

Question 26

Hyperosmotics SE

Answer 26

ab bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance

Question 27

Saline laxatives

Answer 27

magnesium salts and sodium salts; inc osmotic pressure and draw water into colon

Question 28

Saline laxatives SE

Answer 28

mag toxicity (with preexisting renal probs), electrolyte imbalance, cramping, diarrhea

Question 29

Saline laxatives NC

Answer 29

be careful with renal disease–hypermagnesemia

Question 30

Stimulant laxatives

Answer 30

induce intestinal peristalsis; work on GI tract; bisacodyl (Ducolax) and senna (Senokot)

Question 31

bisacodyl (Ducolax)

Answer 31

given PO and rectum, OTC

Question 32

senna (Senokot)

Answer 32

given PO, OTC; may cause urine discoloration

Question 33

Stimulant lax SE

Answer 33

nutrient malabsorption, gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalance

Question 34

Stimulant lax NC

Answer 34

most likely to cause dependence

Question 35

Types of laxatives

Answer 35

Bulk forming, emollients, stimulant saline, and hyperosmotics