anti-infective Flashcards
Penicillin - drug interactions
decreases birth control
don’t mix with aminoglycoside in IV
potassium levels increased with supplements
coumadin increases anticoagulant effect
Penicillin - treatment uses
for gram-positive organism, broad spectrum strep and staph infections pneumococcal pneumonia dental prophylaxis cellulitis
aminopenicillins - uti, URI, otitis media
Penicillin adverse effects
urticaria pruritus angioedema gi distress superinfections are common
Cephalosporins
bacteriocidal
1st - 4th gen
- increasing activity against gram-negative and anaerobes
- increasing resistance to beta-lactamase
- increasing ability to reach csf
- increasing cost
Cephalosporins types
1st: cephalexin (keflex), cefazolin sodium (ancef)
2nd:
cefaclor (ceclor), cefoxitin (mefoxin)
3rd: ceftriaxone(rocephin), ceftazidime(ceptaz, fortaz)
4th: cefepime HCL (maxipime)
interactions: alcohol, urosuric drugs
Cephalosporins interaction and considerations
interactions: alcohol, urosuric drugs
considerations: x sensitivty with penicillin, monitor patients w/ impaired renal or hepatic function
Tetracyclines
inhibit protein synthesis - bacteriostatic- broad spectrum
Tetracyclines types and uses
Tetracycline (sumycin)
doxycycline (vibramycin)
minocycline (moncin
chlamydia, rickettsia(spotted fever), lyme disease, h. pylori, acne
Tetracyclines interactions and considerations
causes discoloration of teeth and enamel hypolasia in fetus and children.
causes photosensitivity
iron and antacids take two hour apart
oral contraceptives
macrolides
inhibit protein synthesis - bacteriostatic - broad
macrolides types and uses
erthromycin
azithromycin (zithromax)
clarithromycin (biaxin)
URI, GI, UTI, skin, soft tissue, penicillin allergy
macrolides interactions and considerations
warfarin, theophylline, carbamazepine
give with food except azithromycin
watch hepatic function
Vancomycin
Used for MRSA
local IV reactions
infuse slowly, monitor for infiltration, dilute, premedicate with beny and tylenol
Red man’s sydrome
Aminoglycosides
inhibit protein synth - bacteriocidal - narrow
Aminoglycosides names
gentamicin neomycin garamycin streptomycin tobramycin
reserved for severe infections
