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Antibiotics > Antibiotic Classification > Flashcards

Antibiotic Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Name 6 antibiotic classes

A 
Penicillins
 Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Carbapenems
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2
Q

What is the general coverage for penicillins?

A

most Streptococcus
some N. meningitidis
many oral anaerobes except B. fragilis

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3
Q

List 5 common penicillins and their general uses

A 
Penicillin G / Penicillin V
Ampicillin /amoxicillin (+enterococcus)
benzathine pen G (syphillis)
piperacillin / piperacillin-tazobactam (+enterococcus, pseudomonas, GN coverage)
cloxacillin (+MSSA)
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4
Q

Name a 1st generation cephalosporin (PO/IV) and their coverage

A

cephalexin/cefazolin (ancef)

mostly GP, some GN

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5
Q

Name a 2nd generation cephalosporin (PO/IV) and their coverage

A

cefuroxime/cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan

some GP and some GN

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6
Q

Name a 3rd generation cephalosporin (PO/IV) and their coverage

A

cefixime/cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (good streptococcal coverage, mostly GN), ceftazidime (no GP, mostly GN, Pseudomonas)

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7
Q

Name a 4th generation cephalosporin (PO/IV) and their coverage

A
  • / cefepime (most GP, most GN, pseudomonas)
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8
Q

List 3 common aminoglycosides and their general uses

A 
gentamycin
tobramycin (+pseudomonas)
amikacin (+pseudomonas)
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9
Q

What is the general coverage for aminoglycosides?

A

GN aerobic bacilli

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10
Q

What is the general coverage for macrolides?

A

GP, hemophilus, legionella, atypicals

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11
Q

List 3 common macrolides

A

erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin

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12
Q

Name 3 common non-respiratory fluoroquinolones

A

ciprofloxacin (+pseudomonas)
ofloxacin
norfloxacin (for UTI only)

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13
Q

Name two respiratory fluoroquinolones

A

levofloxacin

moxifloxacin (+ anaerobes)

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14
Q

What is the general coverage for respiratory fluoroquinolones?

A

some GP, GN, atypical, legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydophila

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15
Q

Name 3 common carbapenems

A

imipenem (+pseudomonas)
meropenem (+pseudomonas)
ertapenem

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16
Q

What is the general coverage for carbapenems?

A

broad coverage GP, GN, and anaerobes

17
Q

What conditions are doxycycline/tetracycline typically used for?

A

Syphilis, chlamydophila

18
Q

What conditions is vancomycin typically used for?

A

all GP and C diff - the oral form

19
Q

What conditions is linezolid typically used for?

A

resistent GP infections

20
Q

What conditions is clindamycin typically used for?

A

most GP aerobes, pneumocystis

21
Q

What conditions is nitrofurantoin typically used for?

A

GN bacilli, S. saprophyticus, Enterococcus

22
Q

What conditions is TMP/SMX (septra) typically used for?

A

GN aerobes, pneumocystis

23
Q

What conditions is metronidazole typically used for?

A

anaerobes, C diff, trichomons, Entamoeba

24
Q

What is common treatment for C diff?

A

metronidazole OR oral vancomycin; consider both in serious infection

Antibiotics (3 decks)

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