Antibiotics

Question 1

Antibiotics

list

Answer 1

• Gentamicin
• Ertapenem
• Cefazolin
• Ciprofloxacin
• Erythromycin
• Amoxicillin
• Sulfamethoxazole
• Doxycycline
• Vancomycin
• Metronidazole

Question 2

Anti-Infective Goal

Answer 2

• Any drug effective against pathogens
• Goal: reduce population of invading organisms to allow immune response to eliminate rest
• Immune compromised problematic
  > drugs cause toxicity due to pt status
  > immune system can’t fight remaining pathogens

Question 3

Antibiotics - Common AEs

Answer 3

• GI effects
  > N/V/D
• Skin effects
  > rash, hives
• Hypersensitivity reactions
  > may be immediate, w/ next exposure, or delayed allergic
  > severe cases anaphylaxis can occur
  > cross-sensitivity possible (penicillin & cephalosporins)
  > determine what pt experienced; true allergy or AE
• Superinfections/secondary infections

Question 4

Key Drug-Drug Interactions w/ Antibiotics

Answer 4

• Warfarin
  > antibiotics incr anticoagulation effect
  > monitor PT/INR
• Oral contraceptives
  > antibiotics dcr effectiveness
  > use alternative birth control method

Question 5

General Nursing Responsibilities - Administration

Answer 5

• Complete assessment & health hx
  > disease, pregnancy, allergies, drugs, OTCs, alcohol
• Obtain cultures as indicated
  > should not delay care, nurse may obtain culture; hold for order
• Note s/s of current infection:
  > fever, fatigue, elevated WBC, redness, swelling, discomfort

Question 6

Antibiotics Oral Administration

Answer 6

• Take on empty stomach w/ full glass of water 1hr b4 meals or 2-3hrs after
• Do not take w/ fruit juice, soft drinks, or milk

Question 7

Antibiotics IV Administration

Answer 7

• Observe site for phlebitis
• Check rate of infusion; IVP
• Check compatibility w/ meds/IV fluids
• Some antibiotics central line preferred (Vancomycin)

Question 8

Antibiotics Throughout Administration

Answer 8

• Monitor & report
  > therapeutic effects
  > lab values: CBC, kidney func, LFTs
  > AEs
• Peak & trough if appropriate
• Ensure adequate hydration to prevent accumulation of drug & reduce risk for AKI

Question 9

Antibiotics Pt Education

Answer 9

• Take as directed (entire prescription)
• Females taking birth control pills need to use alternative protection
• Drink 3L water/day
• Report AEs to PCP