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From Flashcardlet > Antiepileptic Drugs > Flashcards

Antiepileptic Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

What are 50% of seizures?

A

Primary or idiopathic

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1
Q

What is a seizure?

A

A symptom of a drain disorder involving excessive electrical discharges from nerves in the cerebral cortex

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2
Q

What is secondary epilepsy?

A

Trauma
Tumor
CVA
Infections

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3
Q

What are the main characteristics of a Tonic-clonic (grand mal)?

A

Generalized by muscle spasms and jerkiness

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4
Q

What is the most common type of seizure?

A

Tonic-clonic (grand mal)

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5
Q

What are the main characteristics of an Absence (petit mal) seizure?

A

Brief loss of consciousness (10 seconds or less)

Usually occurs in children

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6
Q

What are the characteristics for a Partial seizure?

A
  • repetitive behavior
  • chewing or swallowing motions
  • behavioral changes
  • motor seizures
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7
Q

What kind of seizure is a Partial one?

A

Psychomotor

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8
Q

Who are generalized seizures more common in?

A

Children

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9
Q

What is the level of consciousness in a generalized seizure?

A

Lapse in consciousness (brief) - no confusion afterwards

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10
Q

What happens with the eyes during a generalized seizure?

A

• rhythmic movements of eyes, head of hands - NO convulsion

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11
Q

What is the appearance of a person when they are having a generalized seizure?

A
  • Staring off into space, daydreaming, inattentive look

* head drop or falling down symptoms

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12
Q

Generalized seizures

A 
Tonic 
Clonic
Myoclonic
Atonic
Tonic-clonic
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13
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Anti-epileptic drugs (AED)

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14
Q

What are AED drugs for?

A

All types of seizures

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15
Q

What is the goal of an AED drug?

A

Maximally reduce the incident but minimize drug toxicity

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16
Q

How many agents are need for an AED anticonvulsant drug?

A

2

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17
Q

What should you never do when taking AEDs?

A

Never stop abruptly

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18
Q

What levels need to be monitored when in AED to avoid toxicity?

A

Serum drug levels

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19
Q

What are the typical meds for partial seizures?

A 
Tegretol
Trileptal
Lamictal
Topamax
Keppra
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20
Q

Adjunctive treatment for partial seizures

A

Add 2nd med, surgery or kerogenic

21
Q

Third line options for partial seizures

A

Vigabatrin (Sabril)

Barbiturates

22
Q

What is Tegretol used for?

A

Partial seizures
Tonic-clonic
Mixed

23
Q

What is Klonopin used for?

A

Absence seizure
Akinetic seizure
Myoclonic seizure

24
Q

What is Neuontin used for?

A

Add-on therapy for partial seizures and neuropathic pain

25
Q

What is Phenobarbital use for?

A

Partial

Tonic-clonic

26
Q

What is Dilantin used for?

A

Tonic-clonic

Psychomotor seizures

27
Q

What is Depakene or Depakote used for?

A

Multiple seizures

28
Q

What is Cerebyx used for?

A

Used like Dolantin without the side effects

29
Q

What increases seizures?

A

Primrose - avoid these

30
Q

What kind of drug is Dilantin?

A

A Hydantoin anticonvulsant

31
Q

What are the contraindications for Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Pregnancy - teratogenic

32
Q

What are the therapeutic serum levels for Phenytoin (Dilantin)?

A

10-20 mcg/mL

33
Q

What are the SE for Phenytoin (Dilantin)?

A
  • Gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus
  • HA, Diplopia, dizziness, slurred speech, ⬇ coordination, alopecia
  • Thrombocytopenia, Steven-Johnson syndrome
34
Q

Focusing in patients factors, if they have dizziness, then what should you give them?

A

Lamictal
Keppra
Depakote

35
Q

Focusing on patients factors, if they have cognitive side effects what should you give them?

A

Lamictal or Keppra

36
Q

When focusing on patients factors, if they have weight gain as a side effect, what should you avoid?

A

Pegabalin (Lyrica) valproate

37
Q

When focusing on patients factors, if there is a pregnancy risk, what should you consider giving?

A

Lamictal
Keppra

Avoid - phenobarbital and valproate

38
Q

What medications need to be avoided giving together?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) and Valproate

39
Q

What lifestyle modifications need to take place for primary generalized seizure management?

A

Destress

Avoid Alcohol

40
Q

What are the first line meds for primary generalized seizure management?

A

Lamictal
Keppra
Topamax
Valproate

41
Q

What are Add Meds for primary generalized seizure management?

A

Topamax

Zonegra

42
Q

What are the third line meds for primary generalized seizure management?

A

Clobazam
Clonazepam
Acetazolamide

43
Q

What is a Status Epilepticus?

A

Tonic-clonic seizures w/o regaining consciousness

44
Q

What are the symptoms for Status Epilepticus?

A

⬇ BP

Dysrhythmias ➡ brain damage or death

45
Q

That are the medications for Status Epilepticus?

A

Valium/Lorazepam (1st)

Phenytoin (Dilantin) (other)

46
Q

What are the side effects for status Epilepticus mediations?

A
  • Fatigue, weakness, drowsiness
  • Headaches & difficultly sleeping
  • GI upset, loss of appetite
  • diarrhea or constipation
47
Q

What are the therapeutic plasma levels for Tegretol?

A

5-12

48
Q

What are the therapeutic plasma levels for Klonopin?

A

0.02-0.07

49
Q

What are the therapeutic plasma levels for Phenobarbital?

A

15-40

50
Q

What are the therapeutic plasma levels for Dilantin?

A

8-20

51
Q

What are the therapeutic plasma levels for Depakene or Depakote?

A

50-100

From Flashcardlet (107 decks)

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