Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Deck (28)
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0
Q

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Chemical Classification

A

Levorphanol derivative

1
Q

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Functional Classification

A

Antitussive, nonopioid

2
Q

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Mechanism of Action

A

Depresses cough center in medulla by direct effect

3
Q

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Uses

A

Nonproductive cough caused by colds or inhaled irritants

4
Q

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

5
Q

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Side Effects

A

CNS: Dizziness, sedation, confusion, ataxia, fatigue
GI: Nausea

6
Q

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:
-COUGH: type, frequency, character, including sputum

PERFORM/PROVIDE:

  • Increased fluids to liquify secretions
  • Humidification of patient’s room
7
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Functional Classification

A

Antihistamine (1st generation, nonselective)

8
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Chemical Classification

A

Ethanolamine derivative, H1-receptor antagonist

9
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Mechanism of Action

A

Acts on blood vessels, GI, respiratory system by competing with histamine for H1-receptor site; decreases allergic response by blocking histamine

10
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Uses

A

Allergy symptoms, rhinitis, motion sickness, antiparkinsonism, nighttime sedation, infant colic, nonproductive cough, insomnia in children

11
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to H1-receptor antagonist, acute asthma attack, lower respiratory tract disease, neonates

12
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Side Effects

A

CNS: Dizziness, Drowsiness, poor coordination, fatigue, anxiety, euphoria, confusion, paresthesia, neuritis, SEIZURES
CV: hypotension, palpitations
EENT: blurred vision, dilated pupils, tinnitus, nasal stuffiness, dry nose, throat, mouth
GI: nausea, anorexia, diarrhea
GU: Retention, dysuria, frequency
HEMA: THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
INTEG: photosensitivity
MISC: ANAPHYLAXIS
RESP: increased thick secretions, wheezing, chest tightness

13
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • urinary retention, frequency, dysuria; product should be discontinued
  • CBC during long-term therapy; blood dyscrasias may occur
  • Respiratory status: rate, rhythm, increase in bronchial secretions, wheezing, chest tightness
14
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Overdose Treatment

A

Administer diazepam, vasopressors, phenytoin IV

15
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Functional Classification

A

Expectorant

16
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Mechanism of Action

A

Increases the volume and reduces the viscosity of secretions in the trachea and bronchi to facilitate secretion removal

17
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Uses

A

Productive and nonproductive cough

18
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity; chronic, persistent cough

19
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Side Effects

A

CNS: drowsiness, headache, dizziness
GI: nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea

20
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:
-COUGH: type, frequency, character, including sputum; fluids should be increased to 2L/day

PERFORM/PROVIDE:
-increased fluids, room humidification to liquefy secretions

21
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

Functional Classification

A

Antihistamine, 2nd generation

22
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

Chemical Classification

A

Selective histamine (H1)-receptor antagonist

23
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

Mechanism of Action

A

Binds to peripheral histamine receptors, thereby providing antihistamine action without sedation

24
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

Uses

A

Seasonal rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria for those >/=2yr

25
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, acute asthma attacks, lower respiratory tract disease

26
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

Side Effects

A

CNS: sedation (more common with increased doses), headache, fatigue, restlessness
CV: sinus tachycardia
RESP: wheezing

27
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • ALLERGY: hives, rash, rhinitis; monitor respiratory status
  • LFTs, serum creatinine/BUN

PERFORM/PROVIDE

  • Storage in tight container at room temp
  • Increased fluids to 2L/day to decrease secretions